An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus limon (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Lemon
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
CARYOPHYLLENE 31 Leaf Essent. Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE 8 Leaf Essent. Oil 0.8 15600.0 1.32 Jim Duke's personal files.
CHLOROPHYLL-A 0 Leaf not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
CHLOROPHYLL-B 0 Leaf not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
CIS-LIMONENE-1,2-OXIDE 0 Essential Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRAL 53 Essential Oil 250.0 300.0 -0.79 Duke, 1992 *
CITRAL 53 Fruit Essent. Oil not available 6000.0 not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRAL 53 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
CITRIC-ACID 23 Fruit not available 59500.0 0.32 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
CITRIC-ACID 23 Fruit Juice not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRONELLAL 20 Essential Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRONELLAL 20 Leaf Essent. Oil 25000.0 89000.0 -1.00 Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRONELLAL 20 Pericarp not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRONELLAL 20 Pericarp Essent. Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRONELLAL 20 Petiole not available 3.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
CITRONELLOL 15 Leaf Essent. Oil 3700.0 14000.0 -0.97 Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRONELLOL 15 Pericarp not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRONELLOL 15 Pericarp Essent. Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
CITRONELLYL-ACETATE 2 Petiole not available 1.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
CITRONELLYL-ACETATE 2 Plant 4.0 20.0 -0.68 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Antiaflatoxin 5 Duke, 1992 *
AntiAGE 1 Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000.
Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
Antiaggregant 13 Duke, 1992 *
Antiaging 4 Duke, 1992 *
Antiakathisic 1 Martindale's 29th
Antialcoholic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antialkali? 1 Martindale's 29th
Antiallergenic 2 Yakugaku Zasshi, 111: 193, 1991.
Antiallergic 14 J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569.
Antialopecic 1 Martindale's 28th
Antialzheimeran 6 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antialzheimeran? 2 Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Antiamblyopic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antiamnesic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antiamyloid-Beta 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antianaphylactic 3 Meli, R., Autore, G., Di Carlo, G., Capasso, F. Inhibitory Action of Quercetin on Intestinal Transit in Mice. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 201, 1990.
Antiandrogenic 1 Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antianemic 1 Martindale's 29th
Antianginal 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antiangiogenic 3 Duke, 1992 *