An official website of the United States government.
Common Names
Petitgrain; Bitter Orange
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPPER | 12 | Fruit | 4.0 | 10.0 | -0.22 | Suziki, A., Morimoto, I., and Okitzu, T., Elution of Metals from Crude Drugs, Shoykugaku Zasshi 36(3):190-195. |
| COUMARIN | 57 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| CRYPTOXANTHIN | 2 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| D-CITRONELLIC-ACID | 0 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| D-LIMONENE | 19 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| D-LINALOL | 0 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| D-LINALOOL | 0 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| D-NEROLIDOL | 0 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| D-NEROLIDOL | 0 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DECANAL | 0 | Leaf | not available | 1.0 | -0.71 | Duke, 1992 * |
| DECYL-ALDEHYDE | 0 | Flower | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| DECYL-ALDEHYDE | 0 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DECYLPELARGONATE | 0 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DELTA-3-CARENE | 8 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DELTA-CADINENE | 9 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DELTA-LIMONENE | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp. |
| DIPENTENE | 7 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| DIPENTENE | 7 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DL-LINALOL | 0 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DL-LINALOOL | 0 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Antinephritic | 1 | Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. |
| Antinephrolytic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antineuralgic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antineuramidase | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antineurasthenic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antineuritic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antineuropathic | 3 | Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. |
| Antineurotic | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Antinitrosaminic | 4 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antinitrosic | 1 | Martindale's 28th |
| Antinociceptive | 2 | Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. |
| Antinyctalopic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antiobesity | 7 | Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. |
| Antionychogryphotic | 1 | Martindale's 28th |
| Antionychyotic | 1 | Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. |
| Antiophidic | 2 | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. |
| Antiorchitic | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Antiosteoarthritic | 1 | Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. |
| Antiosteoporotic | 7 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antiotitic | 3 | Martindale's 28th |