An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Averrhoa carambola

Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae)

Common Names
Carambola; Star Fruit
How this plant is used
Food

Select a Results View:

View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
OXALIC-ACID 9 Fruit 50000.0 95800.0 4.98 Morton, J.F., Major Medicinal Plants. 1977. Atlas of Medicinal Plants of Middle America. Bahamas to Yucatan. 1981.
P-COUMARIC-ACID 25 Plant *
PHENYLALANINE 7 Fruit 190.0 2090.0 -0.43 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
PHOSPHORUS 4 Fruit 140.0 2100.0 -0.34 *
PHYTOFLUENE 0 Fruit 0.3 37.0 1.00 *
POTASSIUM 14 Fruit 1400.0 23500.0 0.49 *
PROLINE 0 Fruit 260.0 2860.0 -0.31 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
PROTEIN 0 Fruit 3000.0 73000.0 -0.49 *
RIBOFLAVIN 15 Fruit 0.2 5.2 0.04 *
SERINE 1 Fruit 430.0 4735.0 0.39 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
SINAPIC-ACID 9 Plant *
SODIUM 1 Fruit 17.0 351.0 -0.15 *
SUCCINIC-ACID 7 Fruit 2200.0 1.00 Morton, J.F., Major Medicinal Plants. 1977. Atlas of Medicinal Plants of Middle America. Bahamas to Yucatan. 1981.
SULFUR 14 Fruit 1000.0 1300.0 -0.08 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
TARTARIC-ACID 6 Fruit 9100.0 43700.0 0.12 Morton, J.F., Major Medicinal Plants. 1977. Atlas of Medicinal Plants of Middle America. Bahamas to Yucatan. 1981.
THIAMIN 31 Fruit 0.2 6.6 0.16 *
THREONINE 4 Fruit 230.0 2530.0 -0.20 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
TRYPTOPHAN 29 Fruit 40.0 440.0 -0.58 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
TYROSINE 8 Fruit 230.0 2530.0 0.05 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
VALINE 3 Fruit 260.0 2860.0 -0.33 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Immunomodulator 4 *
Immunostimulant 4 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Immunosuppressant 1 Martindale's 29th
Insectifuge 1 Martindale's 28th
Insulinase-Inhibitor 1 Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 157.
Insulinogenic 2 Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000.
Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
Insulinotonic 1 J. Agri. & Food Chemistry, 36: 1079.
Interferon-Synergist 1 *
Interferonogenic 1 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Irritant 3 *
Keratolytic 1 Martindale's 29th
Laxative 4 *
Laxative? 2 Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.
Leptingenic 1 Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000.
Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
Lipotropic 1 Merck 11th Edition
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor 1 Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
Lithogenic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Litholytic 2 Martindale's 29th
Metal-Chelator (Copper) 1 *
Monoamine-Precursor 3 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).