Uncaria catechu | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Gambir, Pale Catechu

How used

Medicinal

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Activities: 235

Chemicals w/Activities: 15

All Chemicals: 41

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Exclude ubiquitous chemicals - View the list of ubiquitous chemicals

List of all chemical
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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
0	11-METHOXYYOHIMBINE	Branches	--	--	--	*
0	3,14-DIHYDROGAMBIRTANNIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
0	3,14-DIHYDROGAMBIRTANNIN	Stem	--	--	--	*
0	7-ACETOXYDIHYDRONOMILIN	Seed	--	--	--	*
3	ADIPIC-ACID	Plant	--	--	--	*
Acidulant Martindale's 28th Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Perfumery FEMA -5,000 ppm Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
0	ASH	Plant	30000.0	50000.0	-1.28	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
1	CATECHINS	Branches	300000.0	350000.0	--	*
Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor *
22	CATECHOL	Branches	--	--	--	*
Allelochemic IC50=0.65 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Allergenic Mitchell, J. and Rook, A.J. 1923. Botanical Dermatology: plants and plant products injurious to the skin. Vancouver: Greengrass, 1979. xiii, 787 p.: ill. Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antigonadotropic * Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files. Antiseptic * Antistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197. Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69. Antithyreotropic * Antitumor * Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197. Cancer-Preventive * Carcinogenic 0.8% diet Jim Duke's personal files. Carcinogenic 2% diet * Co-carcinogenic * Convulsant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Dermatitigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Herbicide * Pesticide * Quinone-Reductase-Inducer Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Tumor-Promoter <0.2% diet Jim Duke's personal files.
0	CATECHUTANNIC-ACID	Branches	--	240000.0	--	*
1	CELLULOSE	Plant	--	--	--	*
Hemostat Martindale's 29th
4	D-CATECHIN	Branches	--	--	--	*
Anticoagulant * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic * Vasoconstrictor Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
0	DIHYDROBENZOIC-ACID	Plant	--	--	--	*
0	DIHYDROCORYNANTHEIN	Branches	--	--	--	*
0	DIHYDROGAMBIRTANNINE	Plant	--	--	--	*
51	ELLAGIC-ACID	Branches	--	--	--	*
Abortifacient 1.2 mg/kg ivn mus * ACE-Inhibitor IC50=5 mM/l * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.2 uM * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.2 ug/ml (strong activity) * Antiaflatoxin * Antianaphylactic * Antibacterial 1,250 ug/ml * Antibacterial ID50=20 ug/ml * Anticancer (Cervix) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticancer (Colon) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticancer (Esophagus) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticancer (Mouth) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticariogenic ID50=20 ug/ml * Anticataract Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active Components of a Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Para-parai mi,' Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989. Antigingivitic 1,250 ug/ml * AntiGTF ID50=20 ug/ml * AntiHIV IC90=200 ug/ml Tan, G.T., Pezzuto, J.M., Kinghorn,* A.D., Hughes, S.H. Evaluation Of Natural Products As Inhibitors Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 143-154, 1991. Antihyperthyroid * Antiinflammatory * Antimalarial IC50=0.5 uM Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp. Antimutagenic * Antioxidant 2/3 quercetin * Antioxidant >50 x tocopherol Osawa, T. Phenolic Antioxidants in Dietary Plants as Antimutagens.Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.11 p.142. Antioxidant IC98=30 ppm * Antiperiodontic 1,250 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant IC50=29 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991. Antiplaque 1,250 ug/ml * Antiplasmodial IC50=0.5 uM Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp. Antiseptic 1,250 ug/ml * Antistreptococcic ID50=20 ug/ml * Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files. Antitumor * Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224. Antiyeast IC50=10.5 uM * Apoptotic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Astringent Martindale's 29th Cancer-Preventive 3 ppm * Candida-SAP-Inhibitor IC50=8.4 uM * Cytotoxic 4.6 ug/ml Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 359. Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files. Detoxicant * Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=20 ug/ml * Hemostatic Merck 11th Edition Hepatoprotective IC55=30 ug/ml Mayumi Ito (nee Someya), et al. 1990. Hepatoprotective Compounds from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2201-2203, 1990. HIV-RT-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224. Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Pesticide * Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 0.4 g/kg rat Ahn, D., Putt, D., Kresty, L., Stoner, G. D., Fromm, D., Hollenberg, P. F. 1996. The Effects of Dietary Ellagic Acid on Rat Hepatic and Esophageal Mucosal Cytochromes P450 and Phase II Enzymes. Carcinogenesis, 17(4): 821-828. Sunscreen 0.50% Jim Duke's personal files. Topoisomerase-I-Antagonist Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 167.1999. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=3.1 uM Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
40	EPICATECHIN	Branches	--	--	--	*
Allelochemic IC100=1 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Anabolic * Antiaggregant IC94=200 ug/ml * Antianaphylactic * Antibacterial MIC=>1,000 ug/ml * Anticomplementary 1/2 aspirin * Antidiabetic 30 mg/kg rat * AntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antifeedant * Antihepatitic Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. AntiHIV EC50=2 ug/ml * Antihyperglycemic * Antiinflammatory * Antileukemic IC50=>10 ug/ml * Antilipoperoxidant * Antimutagenic * Antioxidant 3/4 quercetin * Antioxidant IC50=6.3 ug/ml Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Antioxidant 2.5 x Vit. E * Antioxidant IC50=10.2 uM * Antiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiviral * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic * Choline-Sparing Singleton, V.L. 1981. Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants: Phenolic Substances of Plant Origin Common in Foods. Advances in Food Research 27: 149-217. Hepatotropic * Hypocholesterolemic Singleton, V.L. 1981. Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants: Phenolic Substances of Plant Origin Common in Foods. Advances in Food Research 27: 149-217. Hypoglycemic * Insulinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170. Interleukin-1-alpha-Inhibitor * Interleukin-6-mRNA-Inhibitor * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=140 uM Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC97=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. NO-Inhibitor * Pancreatogenic * Peroxynitrite-Scavenger IC50=0.181 ug/ml * Pesticide * Propecic * TNF-alpha-Inhibitor * Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>40 *
62	GALLIC-ACID	Branches	--	--	--	*
ACE-Inhibitor IC50=7.7 mM/l * Analgesic * Antiadenovirus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194. Antiallergenic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991. Antianaphylactic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiangiogenic * Antiasthmatic Watt, J.M., and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. 1962. Antibacterial MIC=1,000 ug/ml * Antibronchitic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991. Anticancer * Anticarcinomic ED50=3 * Antiescherichic * Antifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53. Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194. Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.7 p.93. Antiherpetic EC50=>10 ug/ml * AntiHIV * Antiinflammatory Kroes, B.H., et al. 1991. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gallic Acid. Planta Medica, 58(6): 499. Antileishmanic EC50=4.4 ug/ml * AntiMRSA * Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antinitrosaminic * Antioxidant 7 x quercetin * Antioxidant IC44=33 ppm * Antioxidant 2/3 BHA * Antiperiodontitic 10 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant IC50=69 uM * Antipolio Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194. Antiproteolytic 10 ug/ml * Antiradicular IC50=4.9 uM * Antiradicular 7 x quercetin * Antiseptic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antistaphylococcic MIC=1,000 ug/ml * Antitumor * Antitumor-Promoter * Antiviral * Apoptotic * Astringent Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Bacteristat Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 198. Bronchodilator Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide Carcinogenic * Choleretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor * Cytotoxic 500 uM * Floral-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Gram(+)icide MIC=1,000 ug/ml * Gram(-)icide MIC=1,000 ug/ml * Hemostat * Hepatoprotective Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Immunomodulator * Immunostimulant McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Immunosuppressant * Insulin-Sparing Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Myorelaxant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Nephrotoxic Martindale's 29th NO-Inhibitor IC-26=250 uM * Pesticide * Styptic * Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Hamada, S. I., Kataoka, T., Woo, J. T., Yamada, A., Yoshida, T., Nishimura, T., Otake, N., Nagai, K. 1997. Immunosuppressive Effects by Gallic Acid and Chebulagic Acid on CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Biol Pharm Bull, 20: 1017-1019. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=24 uM Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
0	GAMBIR-CATECHIN	Branches	--	--	--	*
0	GAMBIRDINE	Branches	--	--	--	*
0	GAMBIRFLUORESCEIN	Bulb	--	--	--	*

List of all activity chemical
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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Uncaria catechu (Pedaliaceae)

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