Paullinia cupana | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Guarana

How used

Food

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Activities: 152

Chemicals w/Activities: 14

All Chemicals: 23

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
11	ADENINE	Seed	--	--	--	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Antianemic 1.5 g/day Martindale's 28th Antigranulocytopenic * Antiviral * CNS-Stimulant * Diuretic * Hyperuricemic Martindale's 28th Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. Lithogenic * Myocardiotonic * Pesticide * Vasodilator *
0	ASH	Seed	--	14200.0	-1.01	Abstract (See species file)
62	CAFFEINE	Seed	9100.0	76000.0	2.16	*
(+)-Inotropic Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp. Adenosine-Antagonist McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Analeptic 200 scu mus Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Analgesic-Synergist * Antiapneic Martindale's 29th Antiapoptotic * Antiasthmatic 5-10 mg/kg orl/man Martindale's 29th Anticarcinogenic * Anticariogenic * Antidermatitic Martindale's 29th Antiemetic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198. Antiherpetic * Antihypotensive 250 mg/day/orl/man Martindale's 29th Antinarcotic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antiobesity * Antioxidant * Antirhinitic 140 mg/day/orl/man Martindale's 29th Antiserotonergic 40 scu rat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Antiserotonergic 40 ipr rat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Antitumor * Antitumor (Lung) * Antivaccinia * Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Apoptotic * Arrhythmigenic 1,500 mg/man * cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic 10-25 orl dog Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Cardiotonic 65-500 orl cat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Catabolic Abstract (See species file) cGMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Choleretic * CNS-Stimulant 100 orl mus * CNS-Stimulant 30 orl rat * Coronary-Dilator McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Diuretic * Energizer 20-200 mg/man * Ergotamine-Enhancer Martindale's 29th FLavor FEMA 125 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide * Hypertensive * Hypoglycemic * Insecticide Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Lypolytic Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp. Myorelaxant McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Neurotoxic R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Pesticide * Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor * Pyrogenic 60 mg/day oral hmn Daroca, P., Rodriguez, J., Reano, M., Canto, G., Miranda, P. 1996. Fever From Caffeine. Allergy, 51(3): 189-191. Pyrogenic 13.3 mg/kg ipr rbt Dascombe, M. J. 1977. Effects of Methylxanthine Drugs on Pyrogen-Induced Hyperthermia. Eur J Pharmacol, 45: 389-392. Pyrogenic 15 mg/kg ipr cat Dascombe, M. J. 1977. Effects of Methylxanthine Drugs on Pyrogen-Induced Hyperthermia. Eur J Pharmacol, 45: 389-392. Respirastimulant * Spasmogenic 1,500 mg/man * Stimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Tachycardic 1,500 mg/man * Teratogenic 14 orl rat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor 0.1 nM Tohda, H., Zhao, J. H., Oikawa, A. 1992. A Possible Involvement of DNA Topoisomerase I in 'Caffeine Effect' After Ultraviolet Irradiation. Tohoku J Exp Med, 168: 129-132. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor 75 uM Shin, C. G., Strayer, J. M., Wani, M., Snapka, R. M. 1990. Rapid Evaluation of Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Caffeine Inhibition of Topoisomerases in vivo. Teratogen Carcinogen Mutagen, 10: 41-52. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor 99 mM Shin, C. G., Strayer, J. M., Wani, M., Snapka, R. M. 1990. Rapid Evaluation of Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Caffeine Inhibition of Topoisomerases in vivo. Teratogen Carcinogen Mutagen, 10: 41-52. Vasodilator Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp.
62	CAFFEINE	Plant	--	25000.0	--	*
(+)-Inotropic Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp. Adenosine-Antagonist McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Analeptic 200 scu mus Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Analgesic-Synergist * Antiapneic Martindale's 29th Antiapoptotic * Antiasthmatic 5-10 mg/kg orl/man Martindale's 29th Anticarcinogenic * Anticariogenic * Antidermatitic Martindale's 29th Antiemetic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198. Antiherpetic * Antihypotensive 250 mg/day/orl/man Martindale's 29th Antinarcotic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antiobesity * Antioxidant * Antirhinitic 140 mg/day/orl/man Martindale's 29th Antiserotonergic 40 scu rat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Antiserotonergic 40 ipr rat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Antitumor * Antitumor (Lung) * Antivaccinia * Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Apoptotic * Arrhythmigenic 1,500 mg/man * cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic 10-25 orl dog Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Cardiotonic 65-500 orl cat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Catabolic Abstract (See species file) cGMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Choleretic * CNS-Stimulant 100 orl mus * CNS-Stimulant 30 orl rat * Coronary-Dilator McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Diuretic * Energizer 20-200 mg/man * Ergotamine-Enhancer Martindale's 29th FLavor FEMA 125 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide * Hypertensive * Hypoglycemic * Insecticide Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Lypolytic Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp. Myorelaxant McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Neurotoxic R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Pesticide * Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor * Pyrogenic 60 mg/day oral hmn Daroca, P., Rodriguez, J., Reano, M., Canto, G., Miranda, P. 1996. Fever From Caffeine. Allergy, 51(3): 189-191. Pyrogenic 13.3 mg/kg ipr rbt Dascombe, M. J. 1977. Effects of Methylxanthine Drugs on Pyrogen-Induced Hyperthermia. Eur J Pharmacol, 45: 389-392. Pyrogenic 15 mg/kg ipr cat Dascombe, M. J. 1977. Effects of Methylxanthine Drugs on Pyrogen-Induced Hyperthermia. Eur J Pharmacol, 45: 389-392. Respirastimulant * Spasmogenic 1,500 mg/man * Stimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Tachycardic 1,500 mg/man * Teratogenic 14 orl rat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor 0.1 nM Tohda, H., Zhao, J. H., Oikawa, A. 1992. A Possible Involvement of DNA Topoisomerase I in 'Caffeine Effect' After Ultraviolet Irradiation. Tohoku J Exp Med, 168: 129-132. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor 75 uM Shin, C. G., Strayer, J. M., Wani, M., Snapka, R. M. 1990. Rapid Evaluation of Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Caffeine Inhibition of Topoisomerases in vivo. Teratogen Carcinogen Mutagen, 10: 41-52. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor 99 mM Shin, C. G., Strayer, J. M., Wani, M., Snapka, R. M. 1990. Rapid Evaluation of Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Caffeine Inhibition of Topoisomerases in vivo. Teratogen Carcinogen Mutagen, 10: 41-52. Vasodilator Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp.
22	CATECHOL	Seed	--	--	--	*
Allelochemic IC50=0.65 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Allergenic Mitchell, J. and Rook, A.J. 1923. Botanical Dermatology: plants and plant products injurious to the skin. Vancouver: Greengrass, 1979. xiii, 787 p.: ill. Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antigonadotropic * Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files. Antiseptic * Antistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197. Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69. Antithyreotropic * Antitumor * Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197. Cancer-Preventive * Carcinogenic 0.8% diet Jim Duke's personal files. Carcinogenic 2% diet * Co-carcinogenic * Convulsant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Dermatitigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Herbicide * Pesticide * Quinone-Reductase-Inducer Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Tumor-Promoter <0.2% diet Jim Duke's personal files.
0	CATECHUTANNIC-ACID	Seed	--	--	--	CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
20	CHOLINE	Seed	--	--	--	CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Antialzheimeran 5-16 g/man/day * Antichoreic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anticirrhotic 6,000 mg/man/day * Anticystinuric * Antidementia * Antidiabetic * Antidyskinetic 150-200 mg/kg/man/day Martindale's 28th Antihomocysteine * Antimanic 15-30 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antinociceptive * Antisteatotic * Cardiodepressant * Cerebrotonic * Cholinergic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Hepatoprotective * Hypotensive * Ileorelaxant * Lipotropic * Memorigenic * Parasympathomimetic (1/1,000th acetylcholine) Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
4	D-CATECHIN	Seed	--	--	--	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Anticoagulant * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic * Vasoconstrictor Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
0	FAT	Seed	--	30000.0	-1.24	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
1	GUANINE	Seed	--	--	--	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Essential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
0	GUARANINE	Seed	--	--	--	CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
0	HYPOXANTHINE	Seed	--	--	--	CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
3	MUCILAGE	Seed	--	--	--	CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Demulcent * Hypocholesterolemic *
0	PROTEIN	Seed	--	98600.0	-1.20	Abstract (See species file)
0	RESIN	Seed	--	70000.0	-0.34	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
0	SAPONIN	Seed	--	--	--	*
5	SAPONINS	Seed	--	--	--	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Antihepatomic * Antimutagenic * Antitumor (Lung) * Antitumor (Ovary) * Immunomodulator *
5	STARCH	Seed	50000.0	60000.0	-1.01	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Absorbent Martindale's 29th Antidote (Iodine) Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antinesidioblastosic Martindale's 29th Emollient Martindale's 29th Poultice Martindale's 29th
35	TANNIN	Seed	50000.0	120000.0	0.50	*
Anthelmintic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Anticariogenic * Antidiarrheic * Antidysenteric * Antihepatotoxic * AntiHIV * Antihypertensive * Antilipolytic * Antimutagenic * Antinephritic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Antiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. Antioxidant IC50=1.44 ug/ml * Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin * Antiradicular 500 mg/kg/day orl mus Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin * Antirenitic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Antitumor * Antitumor-Promoter * Antiulcer * Antiviral * Cancer-Preventive HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14. Carcinogenic * Chelator * Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor * Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor * Hepatoprotective * Immunosuppressant * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor * MAO-Inhibitor * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor * Pesticide * Psychotropic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor *
21	THEOBROMINE	Seed	200.0	400.0	-0.47	*
Anorexic Martindale's 28th Antiasthmatic 10 mg/kg/orl/man Martindale's 29th Anticellulitic * Arteriodilator * Bronchodilator Merck 11th Edition cAMP-Inhibitor IC50=0.06 mg/ml Schussler, M., Fricke, U., Nikolov, N., and Holzl, J. 1991. Comparison of the Flavonoids Occurring in Crataegus species and Inhibition of 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase. Plant Medica 57: Suppl Issue 2. p.A-133. cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Cardiotonic Merck 11th Edition cGMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). CNS-Stimulant * Diuretic 300-600 mg/man/day Martindale's 28th Emetic Martindale's 28th Fetotoxic 100 mg/kg * Herbicide IC41=100 ppm Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Myocardiotonic * Myorelaxant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Myostimulant Martindale's 29th Pesticide * Stimulant * Teratogenic 100 mg/kg * Vasodilator Merck 11th Edition

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Paullinia cupana (Sapindaceae)

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