Monarda lindheimeri | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Lindheimer's Monarda

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Medicinal

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Activities: 148

Chemicals w/Activities: 12

All Chemicals: 15

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
67	1,8-CINEOLE	Plant	--	478.0	-0.43	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
(-)-Chronotropic 87 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (-)-Inotropic 87 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Acaricide LC100=6 uM * Allelopathic * Allergenic * Anesthetic * Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=41 ug/ml * Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antibacterial 50 ppm * Antibronchitic * Anticariogenic * Anticatarrh Martindale's 29th Anticholinesterase IC50=50-70 * Antifatigue * Antihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. Antiinflammatory * Antilaryngitic * Antinociceptive * Antipharyngitic * Antiplaque * Antirheumatic * Antirhinitic * Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antisinusitic * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic 50 ppm * Antitussive * Antiulcer * Candidicide * Carcinogenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Choleretic * CNS-Stimulant * Convulsant * Counterirritant Martindale's 29th Cytochrome-P450-Inducer * Decongestant * Degranulant 0.3 ul/ml * Dentifrice Martindale's 29th Edemagenic inj * Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. FLavor FEMA 1-200 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Gastroprotective * Gram(+)icide * Gram(-)icide * Hepatotonic * Herbicide IC50=78 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Hypotensive * Inflammatory inj * Insectifuge * Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Neurotoxic * P450-Inducer * Pediculicide 2.3 x pyrethrin * Perfume Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Rubefacient Martindale's 29th Secretogogue * Sedative * Spasmogenic * Surfactant * Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer * Transdermal * Trichomonicide LD100=1,000 ug/ml *
2	3-OCTANOL	Plant	--	93.0	-0.46	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
FLavor FEMA Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
0	3-OCTYL-ACETATE	Plant	--	10.0	-0.91	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
28	ALPHA-PINENE	Plant	--	211.0	-0.33	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allelochemic * Allergenic * Antiacne * Antibacterial * Antifeedant * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg * Antipneumonic * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Coleoptophile * Expectorant Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp. FLavor FEMA 15-150 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide IC50=30 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly * Insectifuge 50 ppm * Insectiphile J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM * Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Sedative Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Spasmogenic * Tranquilizer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Transdermal *
23	ALPHA-TERPINEOL	Plant	--	31.0	-0.46	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity) * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Antiacne * Antibacterial MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticariogenic MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Antiinflammatory * Antiproliferant * Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Cicatrizant ED50=240 ug/g mus * FLavor FEMA 5-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insecticide 1.29 uM/fly * Interleukin-6-Inhibitor * Mosquitofuge > Deet * Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Termiticide IC100=5 mg/g * Transdermal * Vulnerary ED50=240 ug/g mus *
12	BORNYL-ACETATE	Plant	--	62.0	-0.43	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
(-)-Chronotropic 933 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (-)-Inotropic 933 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Antibacterial Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antispasmodic ED50=0.09 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Antiviral Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. FLavor FEMA 70-80 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Pesticide * Sedative *
9	CAMPHENE	Plant	--	21.0	-0.57	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Antilithic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files. Expectorant Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. FLavor FEMA 15-175 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Hypocholesterolemic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Pesticide * Spasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
37	CARVACROL	Plant	--	7024.0	0.10	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allergenic * Anesthetic * Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antialzheimeran? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. Antiatherosclerotic IC50=5.53 uM * Antibacterial MIC 170-290 Chalchat, J.C. et Garry, R.P., Bastide, P., Fabre, F. et Malhuret, R. Correlation Composition Chimique/Activite Antimicrobienne: V - Contribution a la Comparaison de 2 Methodes de Determination Des Cmi. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 25: 184-193. Antibacterial MIC=39-625 Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134. Anticholinesterase? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. Antidiuretic Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-92. Antiinflammatory IC50=4 uM Antimelanomic IC50=120 uM/l * Antioxidant Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8. Antioxidant (LDL) IC50=5.53 uM * Antiplaque MIC=39-625 ug/ml Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Maruyama, T., Takiguchi, T., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I., Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria, Bull Tokyo Dent. Coll., 31 (1), 1990, 17-21 Antiprostaglandin * Antiradicular 600 x thymol Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8. Antiseptic 1.5 x phenol * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Antitussive Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Candidicide MIC<0.1 ug/ml * Candidicide 100-150 ug/ml * Carminative Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor #NAME? * Enterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. Expectorant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. FLavor FEMA 10-125 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insectifuge * Irritant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml * Pesticide * Prostaglandin-Inhibitor * Tracheorelaxant * Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml * Vermifuge *
0	DIHYDROCARVEOL-ACETATE	Plant	--	16.0	-0.64	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
0	EO	Plant	--	10000.0	0.02	*
11	GAMMA-TERPINENE	Plant	--	26.0	-0.52	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Acaricide * ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity) * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. Antiacetylcholinesterase IC23=1.2 mM * Antifeedant Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files. FLavor FEMA 1-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide *
3	ISOMENTHONE	Plant	--	18.0	-0.71	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.6 mM * Antioxidant * Antiradicular *
60	LIMONENE	Plant	--	94.0	-0.43	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Acaricide LC100=8 uM * AChE-Inhibitor Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. Allelochemic * Allergenic 1/20th carene * Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM * Antiadenomic * Antialzheimeran? Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. Antiasthmatic * Antibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994. Anticancer * Antiesophagitic * Antifeedant * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Antiinflammatory * Antilithic * Antilymphomic * Antimetastatic (Stomach) * Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antiobesity * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Antitumor * Antitumor (Breast) * Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Pancreas) * Antitumor (Prostate) * Antitumor (Stomach) * Antiviral * Apoptotic * Bronchoprotectant * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidistat * Chemopreventive * Cholesterolytic * Detoxicant * Enterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. Expectorant * FLavor * Fungiphilic J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. Fungistat * GST-Inducer * Herbicide IC50=45 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Histaminic * Immunomodulator * Insecticide 0.37 uM/fly * Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Interleukin-6-Inhibitor * Irritant * Lipolytic * Myorelaxant 50 mg/kg * Nematicide IC=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. NO-Genic * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750 mg/kg (diet) * Ozone-Scavenger * P450-Inducer * Peristaltic * Pesticide * Photosensitizer Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Transdermal *
22	MYRCENE	Plant	--	16.0	-0.46	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. Allergenic * Analgesic Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991. Antibacterial * Anticonvulsant * Antimutagenic Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991. Antinitrosaminic * Antinociceptive 10-20 mg/kg ipr mus Rao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990. Antinociceptive 20-40 mg/kg scu mus Rao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990. Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files. Antispasmodic Jim Duke's personal files. Chemopreventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. FLavor FEMA 0.5-9 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Hypothermic * Insectifuge * Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Myorelaxant 100-200 mg/kg * P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.14 uM * Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide *
16	P-CYMENE	Plant	--	1315.0	-0.08	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Analgesic Martindale's 28th Antiacetylcholinesterase IC40=1.2 mM * Antibacillary * Antibacterial * Antiflu * Antirheumatalgic Martindale's 28th Antiviral * FLavor FEMA 12-250 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Herbicide IC50=50 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Laxative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Pesticide * Sedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Trichomonicide LD100=50 ug/ml *

^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Monarda lindheimeri (Lamiaceae)

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