Cichorium endivia | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Endive, Escarole

How used

Food

Data Views

Activities: 541

Chemicals w/Activities: 59

All Chemicals: 79

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
3	ALANINE	Leaf	620.0	9984.0	-0.61	*
Antioxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Oxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.
15	ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID	Leaf	130.0	2093.0	-0.90	*
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor * Antiaggregant Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp. Antihypertensive * Antiinflammatory IC50=42 uM * Antileukotriene-D4 IC50=42 uM * Antimenorrhagic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antimetastatic Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp. Antiprostatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Hypotensive Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp. Immunostimulant 0.12 ml/man/day Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp. Lymphocytogenic 0.5 ug/ml Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp. Propecic * Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 39.5 g/day/hmn Ferretti, A., Flanagan, V. P. 1996. Antithromboxane Activity of Dietary Alpha-linolenic Acid: A Pilot Study. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids, 54(6): 451-455. ARS, USDA. Vasodilator *
5	ALUMINUM	Leaf	60.0	168.0	-0.60	*
Antisilicotic Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987. Antivaginitic Martindale's 28th Candidicide Martindale's 28th Encephalopathic Martindale's 29th Pesticide *
14	ARGININE	Leaf	620.0	9984.0	-0.63	*
Antidiabetic? Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29th Antihepatitic Martindale's 29th Antihypertensive * Antiimpotence * Antiinfertility 4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antioxidant? * Aphrodisiac 3 g/day * Diuretic * Hypoammonemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. NO-Genic * Pituitary-Stimulant * Spermigenic 4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Vasodilator *
2	ARSENIC	Leaf	0.0	0.0	-0.60	*
Anorexic Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications. Pesticide *
112	ASCORBIC-ACID	Leaf	462.0	9302.0	0.42	*
Acidulant FEMA 6,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Analgesic 5-10 g/day * Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker * AntiAGE 2,000 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antiaggregant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antiaging 400 mg/day * Antiallergic * Antialzheimeran 2,000-6,000 mg/day * Antiarthritic 0.2-1 g/day * Antiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiatherosclerotic * Antibacterial Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anticataract 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Anticataract 350 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticataract 1 g 3x/day * Anticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/day * AntiCFS 500-1,000 mg * Anticlimacteric 500-5,000 mg/day * Anticold 1-2 g/man/day * AntiCrohn's 50-100 mg/day/orl/man Martindale's 29th AntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/day * Antidecubitic 500 mg/man/2x/day Martindale's 28th Antidementia * Antidepressant 2,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antidiabetic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antidote (Aluminum) Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antidote (Cadmium) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Paraquat) Martindale's 28th Antieczemic 3.5-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiedemic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiencephalitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiendometriotic 2,000 mg/day * Antifatigue 500-1,000 mg * Antifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mg * Antigallstone 1,000-3,000 mg/day * Antigastritic * Antigingivitic * Antiglaucomic 2 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antihangover 1,000 mg * Antihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihepatotoxic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antiherpetic 1-5 g/day * Antihistaminic 2 g/day orl man * Antihypertensive * Antiinfertility 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiinflammatory Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day Martindale's 28th Antilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/day * AntiLyme 500-2,000 mg * Antimaculitic * Antimeasles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenopausal 500-5,000 mg/day * Antimigraine Martindale's 29th Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antineuramidase * Antinitrosic 1 g/man/day Martindale's 28th Antiobesity 1 g 3x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiorchitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/day * Antioxidant 100 ppm * Antiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/day * Antiparotitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antipneumonic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antipodriac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antipoliomyelitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antipyretic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antiradicular Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 AntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/day * Antiretinotic * Antirheumatic * Antirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/day * Antiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day Martindale's 28th Antiseptic MIC=3.3-217 mg/ml Martindale's 28th Antiseptic 4-8 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antishingles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antispasmodic 500-5,000 mg/day * Antistress 500-1,000 mg * Antisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antitumor (Gastric) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antiulcer * Antiviral 1-5 g/day * Apoptotic 1-10 mM * Asthma-preventive 1,000 mg/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker * Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1.5 g/day/man * Calcium-Antagonist * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardioprotective * Cold-preventive 1-2 g/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Collagenic * Detoxicant * Diuretic 700 mg/man/orl * Fistula-Preventive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Hypoglycemic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Hypotensive 1,000 mg/man/day * Immunomodulator * Immunostimulant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Interferonogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Lithogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day Martindale's 28th Pesticide * Uricosuric 4 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Urinary-Acidulant Martindale's 29th Vasodilator * Vulnerary Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
0	ASH	Leaf	13590.0	240000.0	2.13	*
3	ASPARTIC-ACID	Leaf	1300.0	20934.0	-0.38	*
Antimorphinic Martindale's 28th Neuroexcitant Martindale's 28th Roborant Merck 11th Edition
0	BARIUM	Leaf	14.0	24.0	-0.98	*
53	BETA-CAROTENE	Leaf	9.6	241.0	-0.09	*
Allergenic * Androgenic? Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiacne Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiaging * Antiarthritic * Antiasthmatic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticarcinomic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Anticervicaldysplasic * Anticoronary 50 mg/man/2 days * Antihyperkeratotic * Antiichythyotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antileukoplakic * Antilipoperoxidant IC71=50 ug/ml * Antilupus 150 mg/man/day/2 mos Martindale's 28th Antimaculitic * Antimastitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antioxidant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiozenic * Antipapillomic * Antiphotophobic 30-300 mg/man/day Martindale's 29th Antipityriasic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). AntiPMS * Antiporphyric 30-300 mg/man/day Martindale's 28th Antiproliferant Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiradicular Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antirheumatic * Antistress Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antitumor Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990. Antitumor (Breast) IC45=60 ug/ml * Antitumor (CNS) IC43=45 ug/ml * Antitumor (Colon) IC43=45 ug/ml * Antitumor (Lung) IC30=60 ug/ml * Antitumor (Prostate) * Antitumor (Stomach) IC26=45 ug/ml * Antiulcer 15,000-25,000 IU/day * Antiulcer 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antixerophthalmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Cancer-Preventive 22 ppm Jim Duke's personal files. Chemopreventive * Colorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. COX-1-Inhibitor IC78=50 ug/ml * COX-2-Inhibitor IC82=50 ug/ml * Gastroprotective * Immunostimulant 180 mg/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Interferon-Synergist * Mucogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Phagocytotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Prooxidant 20 ug/g * Thymoprotective Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
0	BETA-LACTUCEROL	Latex Exudate	--	--	--	*
4	BORON	Leaf	1.0	24.0	-1.01	*
Androgenic 3 mg/man/day * Antiosteoarthritic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiosteoporotic 3 mg/man/day * Estrogenic 3 mg/man/day *
3	CADMIUM	Leaf	0.2	0.2	-0.76	*
Hypertensive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Lithogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Nephrotoxic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
102	CAFFEIC-ACID	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110. Allergenic * Analgesic * Antiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiaging * Antiatherogenic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Anticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antidepressant * Antiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antielastase IC50=93 um/l * Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM) * Antiescherichic * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files. Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus * Antihepatotoxic * Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml * Antiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/ml * Antihistaminic * AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml * Antihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antihyperthyroid * Antiinflammatory * AntiLegionella * Antileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antileukotriene * Antimelanogenic * Antimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18. Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18. Antiophidic * Antioxidant IC57=30 ppm * Antioxidant 50 uM * Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin * Antioxidant 30 mM * Antioxidant 1/2 BHA * Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E * Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991. Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/ml * Antiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antiprostaglandin * Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin * Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antiradicular 30 mM * Antiradicular IC50=32-35 uM * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73. Antistaphylococcic * Antistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antisunburn * Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69. Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files. Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus * Antitumor (Skin) * Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941. Antiulcerogenic * Antivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml * Anxiolytic * Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carcinogenic 2% (diet) * Chemopreventive * Cholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. CNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Co-carcinogenic * Collagen-Sparing * COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM * Cytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml * Diuretic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. DNA-Active Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. DNA-Protective * Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml * Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol) * Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210. Hepatotropic * Histamine-Inhibitor * Immunostimulant * Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. Leukotriene-Inhibitor * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM * Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM * Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19. Pesticide * Prooxidant * Prostaglandigenic * Sedative 500 mg * Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files. Vulnerary Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.
28	CALCIUM	Leaf	462.0	10080.0	-0.57	*
Antiallergic 500 mg/day * Antianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg * Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day * Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihypertensive * Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antiobesity * Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day * Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. AntiPMS 1 g/day * Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day * Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day * Antitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/day * Calcium-Channel-Blocker * Diuretic * Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg * Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day * Vasodilator *
0	CAOUTCHOUC	Latex Exudate	--	--	--	*
0	CARBOHYDRATES	Leaf	33500.0	539452.0	-0.58	*
24	CHROMIUM	Leaf	0.3	0.5	-0.61	*
Amphiglycemic? Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiacne * AntiAGE 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antiaging 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antiatherosclerotic 20 ug/day * AntiCFS 200 ug * Anticorneotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidiabetic 200-1,000 ug * Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antifatigue 200 ug * Antiglycosuric 200-1,000 ug * Antiobesity 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antisyndrome-X 200-800 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antitriglyceride 20 ug/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antitriglyceride 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Cardioprotective * Energizer * Hypocholesterolemic 20 ug/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Hypocholesterolemic 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Hypoglycemic 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Hypotensive 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Immunomodulator * Insulinogenic * Memorigenic *
2	COBALT	Leaf	0.2	0.2	-0.30	*
Cardiomyopathogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Erythrocytogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
12	COPPER	Leaf	1.0	16.8	-0.30	*
Antianemic * Antiarthritic * Antidiabetic 2-4 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antifatigue * Antiinflammatory Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antinociceptive Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiosteoporotic * Cardioprotective * Contraceptive Martindale's 28th Hypocholesterolemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Immunomodulator * Schizophrenigenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

List of all activity chemical
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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Cichorium endivia (Asteraceae)

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