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| Activity Sort descending | Dosage | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Analgesic | not available | Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp. |
| Anticholinergic | 150-300 ug 4 x/day/man | Martindale's 29th |
| Antidote (Anticholinesterase) | not available | Martindale's 29th |
| Antiemetic | not available | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Antiherpetic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antimeasles | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antimuscarinic | not available | Martindale's 29th |
| Antineuralgic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antiparkinsonian | not available | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Antipolio | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antisialogogue | not available | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Antispasmodic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antiulcer | not available | Martindale's 29th |
| Antivertigo | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antivinous | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antiviral | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Bronchodilator | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Bronchorelaxant | not available | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
| Cardiotonic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| CNS-Depressant | not available | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |