Chemical CHOLINE | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemical ID

CHOLINE

Ubiquitous

Yes

List of known dosages
Dosage	Reference
LD50=200 (scu cat)
LD50=400 (ipr rat)
LD50=6,700 (orl rat)
MLD 70 mg/kg (ivn rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
MLD 800 mg/kg (scu rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
RDA=500 mg/day

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List of chemical activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Dosage	Reference
Antialzheimeran	5-16 g/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Antichoreic	not available	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Anticirrhotic	6,000 mg/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Anticystinuric	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidementia	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidiabetic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidyskinetic	150-200 mg/kg/man/day	Martindale's 28th
Antihomocysteine	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antimanic	15-30 g/man/day/orl	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antinociceptive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antisteatotic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cardiodepressant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cerebrotonic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cholinergic	not available	Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Hepatoprotective	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Hypotensive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Ileorelaxant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Lipotropic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Memorigenic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Parasympathomimetic	(1/1,000th acetylcholine)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.

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List of chemical plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Plant Name	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
Trifolium pratense	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Trigonella foenum-graecum	Leaf	not available	13500.0	0.3	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Trigonella foenum-graecum	Seed	not available	500.0	-1.1	Duke, 1992 *
Triticum aestivum	Root	not available	48.0	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Triticum aestivum	Seed	530.0	1800.0	0.1	Duke, 1992 *
Triticum aestivum	Shoot	not available	121.0	-0.6	Duke, 1992 *
Tussilago farfara	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Tussilago farfara	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Urtica dioica	Inflorescence	not available	4800.0	not available	Jim Duke's personal files.
Urtica dioica	Leaf	not available	4900.0	-0.2	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Valeriana officinalis	Leaf	52000.0	58000.0	3.1	Duke, 1992 *
Valeriana officinalis	Stem	not available	30000.0	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Valeriana officinalis	Root	3540.0	30000.0	3.1	Duke, 1992 *
Vicia faba	Fruit	50.0	340.0	-0.5	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Vigna mungo	Seed	not available	2060.0	0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Vigna radiata	Seed	1670.0	1856.0	0.2	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Vigna unguiculata	Seed	not available	2020.0	0.3	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Vigna unguiculata	Seed	not available	2020.0	0.3	Duke, 1992 *
Withania somnifera	Root	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Zea mays	Root	not available	36.0	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *