An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Biological Activity Immunomodulator

List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
(+)-EPIPINORESINOL not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
3-ACETYLACONITINE not available Duke, 1992 *
ACONITINE not available Duke, 1992 *
ADENOSINE not available Duke, 1992 *
ALKANNIN not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL not available Duke, 1992 *
ARABINO-3,6-GALACTAN-PROTEIN not available Duke, 1992 *
ARCTIGENIN not available Duke, 1992 *
ARGLABRIN not available Duke, 1992 *
ARTEMISININ not available Duke, 1992 *
ASCORBIC-ACID not available Duke, 1992 *
BOLDINE not available Duke, 1992 *
CHIMAPHYLIN not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
CHROMIUM not available Duke, 1992 *
COPPER not available Duke, 1992 *
EUCOMMIN-A not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
EUPALINE not available Duke, 1992 *
GALLIC-ACID not available Duke, 1992 *
GAMMA-LINOLENIC-ACID not available Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
GINKGOLIDE not available Duke, 1992 *
List of Activity Plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column.
Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Citrus aurantium Petitgrain; Bitter Orange 5 33, 626
Citrus limon Lemon 5 2, 524, 658
Citrus medica Citron 3 973
Citrus mitis Calamansi; Calamondin 2 23, 150
Citrus paradisi Grapefruit 9 9, 516.276999821886
Citrus reticulata Mandarin; Tangerine 9 33, 439.76000037789
Citrus sinensis Orange 10 31, 630.88699999056
Cleonia lusitanica Spanish Heal-All 1 325
Cnicus benedictus Blessed Thistle 10 67, 325.20000004768
Cnidium officinale Jih-Chiung 3 875
Cnidoscolus chayamansa Chaya 1 12, 200
Coccinia grandis Ivy Gourd; Kundree; Tindora; Tindori; Pepasan; Little Gourd; Kanduri 1 28, 406
Cocos nucifera Coconut; Coconut Palm; Copra; Nariyal; Kokospalme (Ger.); Cocotero (Sp.) 9 117, 847.3200000152
Coffea arabica Coffee 2 0
Coix lacryma-jobi Adlay; Adlay Millet; Job'S-Tears; Yi-Yi-Ren 6 6, 060
Cola acuminata Abata Cola 1 1, 456
Collinsonia canadensis Stone Root 2 0
Colocasia esculenta Taro 5 25, 422.099999904633
Commiphora myrrha Myrrh; African Myrrh; Herabol Myrrh; Somali Myrrh; Myrrhe (Fr., Ger.); Mirra (Sp. It.) 1 0
Commiphora wightii Guggul; Indian Bdellium-Tree 2 0