Plant Sambucus nigra (Adoxaceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common Names

European Alder; European Elder; European Elderberry; Elder; Black Elder

How this plant is used

Food

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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name	Activity Count	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
N-TRICOSANE	0	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
NEROL	10	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
NEROL-OXIDE	0	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
NIACIN	39	Fruit	4.0	7.0	-0.72	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
NICOTINIC-ACID	11	Fruit	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
NIGRIN-B	0	Bark	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
NIGRITIN-F-1	0	Fruit	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
NIGRITIN-F-2	0	Fruit	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
NONADECAN-1-OL	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
NONADECANOIC-ACID	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
OCIMENE	2	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
OCTACOSAN-1-OL	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
OCTAN-1-AL	0	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
OLEANOLIC-ACID	64	Bark	not available	503.0	-1.00	Duke, 1992 *
OLEANOLIC-ACID	64	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
OLEANOLIC-ACID	64	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
OLEIC-ACID	18	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
OLEIC-ACID	18	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
OXALIC-ACID	9	Fruit	not available	410.0	-0.28	Duke, 1992 *
P-COUMARIC-ACID	25	Flower	not available	not available	not available	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Chemical Count	Reference
11B-HSD-Inhibitor	2	Duke, 1992 *
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor	5	Duke, 1992 *
5-HT-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor	2	Duke, 1992 *
Abortifacient	1	Duke, 1992 *
Acaricide	3	Duke, 1992 *
ACE-Inhibitor	5	Duke, 1992 *
Acetylcholinergic	1	Duke, 1992 *
AChE-Inhibitor	1	Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Acidulant	2	Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Addictive	1	Science News, 145: 294.
Aggregant	1	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor	2	Duke, 1992 *
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor	14	Duke, 1992 *
Allelochemic	4	Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Allelopathic	4	Holappa, L.D., and Blum*, U. 1991. Effects of Exogenously Applied Ferulic Acid, a Potential Allelopathic Compound, on Leaf Growth, Water Utilization, and Endogenous Abscisic Acid Levels of Tomato, Cucumber, and Bean. J. of Chemical Ecology, 17(5): 865.
Allergenic	13	Martindale's 29th
Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Analgesic	16	Martindale's 28th