An official website of the United States government.
Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SALICYLATES | 7 | Leaf | 1.0 | 8.0 | -0.56 | Duke, 1992 * |
| SCOPARONE | 22 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| SCOPARONE | 22 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| SCOPOLETIN | 44 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| SCOPOLETIN | 44 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| SELENIUM | 60 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| SELENIUM | 60 | Seed | 17.3 | 160.0 | 1.32 | Duke, 1992 * |
| SERINE | 1 | Fruit | 9000.0 | 9873.0 | 2.20 | Duke, 1992 * |
| SERINE | 1 | Seed | 9000.0 | 9873.0 | -0.13 | USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae) |
| SESELIN | 3 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| SESELIN | 3 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| SHIKIMIC-ACID | 14 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| SHIKIMIC-ACID | 14 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| SILICON | 4 | Fruit | not available | 4.2 | -0.59 | Duke, 1992 * |
| SILICON | 4 | Seed | 0.1 | 0.4 | -1.16 | Duke, 1992 * |
| SINAPIC-ACID | 9 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| SINAPIC-ACID | 9 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| SODIUM | 1 | Fruit | 50.0 | 1980.0 | 0.00 | Duke, 1992 * |
| SODIUM | 1 | Seed | 77.0 | 710.0 | 0.41 | Duke, 1992 * |
| STIGMASTEROL | 12 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Termiticide | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Termitifuge | 1 | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
| Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Testosteronigenic | 1 | Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. |
| Thymoprotective | 1 | Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). |
| Thyrotropic | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Tissue-Thromboplastin-Inhibitor | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| TNF-alpha-Inhibitor | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor | 2 | Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health, 14: 223-237. |
| Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor | 5 | Constantinou, A., Mehta, R., Runyan, C., Rao, K., Vaughan, A., Moon, R. 1995. Flavonoids as DNA Topoisomerase Antagonists and Poisons: Structure-Activity Relationships. J Natural Products, 58: 217-225. |
| Toxic | 1 | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
| Tranquilizer | 4 | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. |
| Transdermal | 6 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Tremorigenic | 1 | Martindale's 28th |
| Trichomonicide | 9 | Martindale's 29th |
| Trichomonistat | 1 | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
| Trypanocide | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Trypsin-Enhancer | 1 | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-93. |
| Tumor-Promoter | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Tumorigenic | 2 | Jim Duke's personal files. |