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Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSTHENOL | 0 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-ANISALDEHYDE | 11 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | 12000.0 | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| P-ANISALDEHYDE | 11 | Sprout Seedling | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| P-ANISIC-ACID | 0 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| P-COUMARIC-ACID | 25 | Fruit | not available | 93.0 | -0.26 | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-COUMARIC-ACID | 25 | Seed | 60.0 | 93.0 | -0.27 | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-CYMENE | 16 | Essential Oil | 1000.0 | 10000.0 | -0.55 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| P-CYMENE | 16 | Fruit | 20.0 | 480.0 | -0.52 | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-CYMENE | 16 | Root Essent. Oil | not available | 30000.0 | 1.35 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| P-CYMENE | 16 | Seed | 20.0 | 480.0 | -0.61 | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID | 13 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID | 13 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| P-HYDROXYCINNAMIC-ACID | 1 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-HYDROXYCINNAMIC-ACID | 1 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| PALMITIC-ACID | 13 | Fruit | 4000.0 | 6000.0 | -0.27 | Duke, 1992 * |
| PALMITIC-ACID | 13 | Seed | 4000.0 | 6000.0 | -0.58 | Duke, 1992 * |
| PECTIN | 24 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PECTIN | 24 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PETROSELINIC-ACID | 0 | Fruit | 72000.0 | 168000.0 | 1.07 | Duke, 1992 * |
| PETROSELINIC-ACID | 0 | Seed | 72000.0 | 729000.0 | 0.81 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Secretogogue | 4 | Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. |
| Secretolytic | 3 | Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp. |
| Sedative | 21 | Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) |
| Sequestrant | 1 | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
| Serotoninergic | 3 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Sialogogue | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Soap | 1 | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Spasmogenic | 7 | Fitoterapia No.59-1984. |
| Spermicide | 2 | Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. |
| Spermigenic | 2 | Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. |
| Stimulant | 1 | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
| Sunscreen | 5 | Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. |
| Surfactant | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Sweetener | 4 | Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. |
| Sympathomimetic | 1 | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Synergist | 1 | Merck 11th Edition |
| Tachycardic | 1 | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| Taenicide | 1 | Martindale's 28th |
| Teratogenic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Teratologic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |