An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Crataegus laevigata (Rosaceae)

Common Names
Hawthorn; English Hawthorn; Whitethorn; Woodland Hawthorn
How this plant is used
Medicinal
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
(+)-CATECHIN 30 Bud not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(+)-CATECHIN 30 Flower not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(+)-CATECHIN 30 Leaf not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(+)-CATECHIN 30 Plant not available not available not available Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
(+)-CATECHIN 30 Tissue Culture not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(-)-EPICATECHIN 38 Bud not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(-)-EPICATECHIN 38 Flower not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(-)-EPICATECHIN 38 Fruit not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(-)-EPICATECHIN 38 Leaf not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(-)-EPICATECHIN 38 Plant not available not available not available Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
(-)-EPICATECHIN 38 Shoot not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
2,,3,3',4,4',5,7-HEPTAHYDROXYFLAVANBIOSIDE 0 Plant not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
2-ALPHA-HYDROXY-OLEANOLIC-ACID 0 Plant not available not available not available Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
2-PHENYLCHROMONE 0 Flower not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
5-HYDROXY-INDOLE-ACETIC-ACID 0 Shoot not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE 15 Shoot not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
ACANTOLIC-ACID 0 Leaf not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
ACANTOLIC-ACID 0 Plant not available not available not available Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
ACETYL-CHOLINE 19 Leaf not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
ACETYL-CHOLINE 19 Plant not available not available not available Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Antisyndrome-X 6 Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000.
Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
Antitachycardic 2 Duke, 1992 *
AntiTGF-beta 2 Duke, 1992 *
Antithiamin 2 Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.
Antithrombic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antithrombogenic 2 Duke, 1992 *
Antithromboxane 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antithyreotropic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antithyroid 5 Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antitinnitic 1 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antitourette 1 Martindale's 28th
Antitriglyceride 2 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antitrypanosomic 3 Planta Medica, 57: A44, 1991.
Antitubercular 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antitumor 15 Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990.
Antitumor (Bladder) 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antitumor (brain) 3 Duke, 1992 *
Antitumor (Breast) 7 Duke, 1992 *
Antitumor (Cervix) 2 Duke, 1992 *