An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Grapefruit
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
ALPHA-COPAENE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-CRYPTOXANTHIN 2 Fruit not available not available not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ALPHA-CRYTOXANTHIN 0 Fruit not available not available not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ALPHA-CUBEBENE 0 Pericarp not available 2.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-FARNESENE 0 Pericarp 0.7 2.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-HUMULENE 2 Leaf not available 29.0 -0.42 Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-HUMULENE 2 Pericarp not available 7.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID 15 Fruit 50.0 550.0 -0.90 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
ALPHA-MUUROLENE 0 Pericarp not available 2.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE 11 Pericarp 1.0 2.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-PINENE 28 Fruit not available not available not available Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
ALPHA-PINENE 28 Leaf not available 55.0 -0.22 Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-PINENE 28 Pericarp 12.0 47.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-SINENSAL 0 Pericarp not available 0.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-TERPINENE 13 Pericarp not available 1.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 23 Leaf not available 29.0 -0.54 Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 23 Pericarp not available 7.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-THUJENE 0 Pericarp not available 1.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL 32 Fruit 3.0 29.0 -0.68 Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-YLANGENE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Barbituate-Synergist 1 Duke, 1992 *
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker 1 Duke, 1992 *
Beta-Blocker 2 Duke, 1992 *
Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
Bradycardiac 1 Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Bronchoprotectant 1 Duke, 1992 *
Bronchorelaxant 2 Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Bruchiphobe 1 Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Calcium-Antagonist 8 Duke, 1992 *
Calcium-Channel-Blocker 1 Duke, 1992 *
Calmodulin-Antagonist 1 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor 4 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Cancer-Preventive 48 Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidicide 13 Martindale's 28th
Candidistat 1 Duke, 1992 *
Capillariprotective 2 Martindale's 29th
Carcinogenic 7 Duke, 1992 *
Cardiac 1 Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.
Cardiodepressant 2 Duke, 1992 *
Cardiomyopathogenic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.