An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Petitgrain; Bitter Orange
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
TRANS-HEXEN-2-AL-1 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
TRANS-OCIMENE 0 Leaf 1.0 332.0 0.21 Duke, 1992 *
UMBELLIFERONE 22 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
UNDECANAL 2 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
VALENCENE 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
VIOLAXANTHIN 2 Hull Husk not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
VIOLAXANTHIN 2 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
VIOLAXANTHIN 2 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
WATER 0 Fruit 857000.0 892000.0 0.53 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ZEAXANTHIN 5 Fruit not available not available not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ZINC 77 Fruit not available 16.0 -0.43 Duke, 1992 *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
FLavor 43 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide 28 Duke, 1992 *
Fungiphilic 1 J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.
Fungistat 5 Duke, 1992 *
Fungitoxic 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
GABA-nergic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Gastroirritant 1 Martindale's 29th
Gastroprotective 2 Duke, 1992 *
Glaucomagenic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
Glutathionigenic 2 Duke, 1992 *
Gram(+)icide 1 Duke, 1992 *
Gram(-)icide 1 Duke, 1992 *
GST-Inducer 1 Duke, 1992 *
Hemolytic 2 Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
Hemopoietic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Hemorrhagic 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Hemostat 3 Duke, 1992 *
Hepatoprotective 4 Duke, 1992 *
Hepatotoxic 4 Duke, 1992 *