An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Petitgrain; Bitter Orange
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
SINENSETIN 2 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
SINENSETIN 2 Plant not available not available not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
SODIUM 1 Fruit 54.0 116.0 -0.17 Suziki, A., Morimoto, I., and Okitzu, T., Elution of Metals from Crude Drugs, Shoykugaku Zasshi 36(3):190-195.
STACHYDRINE 6 Leaf not available 1000.0 not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
TANGERETIN 15 Hull Husk not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
TANGERETIN 15 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
TANGERETIN 15 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
TANNIC-ACID 41 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
TANNIN 35 Fruit not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
TERPENYL-ACETATE 0 Hull Husk not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
TERPENYL-ACETATE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
TERPENYL-ACETATE 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
TERPINEN-4-OL 23 Leaf 50.0 80.0 -0.29 Duke, 1992 *
TERPINOLENE 9 Hull Husk not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
TERPINOLENE 9 Leaf 1.0 10.0 -0.22 Duke, 1992 *
TERPINOLENE 9 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
TERPINOLENE 9 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
TETRA-O-METHYL-SCUTELLAREIN 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
THIAMIN 31 Fruit 1.0 6.0 0.09 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
THYMOL 71 Leaf not available 1.0 -0.42 Duke, 1992 *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Antinephritic 1 Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.
Antinephrolytic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antineuralgic 2 Duke, 1992 *
Antineuramidase 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antineurasthenic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antineuritic 2 Duke, 1992 *
Antineuropathic 3 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antineurotic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antinitrosaminic 4 Duke, 1992 *
Antinitrosic 1 Martindale's 28th
Antinociceptive 2 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antinyctalopic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antiobesity 7 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antionychogryphotic 1 Martindale's 28th
Antionychyotic 1 Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.
Antiophidic 2 Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.
Antiorchitic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antiosteoarthritic 1 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antiosteoporotic 7 Duke, 1992 *
Antiotitic 3 Martindale's 28th