Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture

Plant Monarda fistulosa (Lamiaceae)

Common Names
Wild Bergamot
How this plant is used
Generally Recognized as Safe

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View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
1,8-CINEOLE 67 Plant 3.0 5006.0 0.84 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
1-OCTEN-3-OL 0 Plant 1.0 2294.0 4.47 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3,4-EPOXY-GAMMA-TERPINENE 0 Plant 3.0 186.0 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3-OCTANOL 2 Plant 46.0 1655.0 2.78 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3-OCTANONE 0 Plant 1.0 93.0 0.64 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3-OCTYL-ACETATE 0 Plant 21.0 211.0 -0.07 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ACETIC-ACID 16 Essential Oil Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
ALPHA-PINENE 28 Plant 3.0 1823.0 0.81 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ALPHA-TERPINENE 13 Plant 3.0 3193.0 4.31 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 23 Plant 9.0 3314.0 2.08 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ALPHA-THUJENE 0 Plant 3.0 2480.0 0.95 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BETA-BOURBONENE 0 Plant 1.0 62.0 -0.06 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BETA-PINENE 13 Plant 3.0 93.0 -0.34 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BORNYL-ACETATE 12 Plant 1.0 1085.0 0.22 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BUTYRIC-ACID 6 Essential Oil Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
CAMPHENE 9 Plant 1.0 856.0 0.86 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
CAPROIC-ACID 1 Essential Oil Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
CARVACROL 37 Plant 93.0 19902.0 1.89 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
CARVACRYL-METHYL-ETHER 0 Plant 6.0 6076.0 1.00 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
CIS-3-HEXENOL 1 Plant 1.0 31.0 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
(-)-Chronotropic 2 (View) Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
(-)-Inotropic 2 (View) Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
ABeta-Inhibitor 1 (View) *
Acaricide 5 (View) *
ACE-Inhibitor 4 (View) *
AChE-Inhibitor 2 (View) Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Acidulant 1 (View) Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Adenylate-Cyclase-Inhibitor 1 (View) *
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 5 (View) Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
Allelochemic 2 (View) *
Allelopathic 3 (View) *
Allergenic 9 (View) *
Allergenic? 1 (View) *
Analgesic 3 (View) Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991.
Ancylostomicide 1 (View) Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus.
Anesthetic 4 (View) *
Ankylostomacide 1 (View) Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus.
Anthelmintic 4 (View) Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiacetylcholinesterase 7 (View) *
Antiacne 3 (View) Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.