Chemical CHOLINE | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemical ID

CHOLINE

Ubiquitous

Yes

List of known dosages
Dosage	Reference
LD50=200 (scu cat)
LD50=400 (ipr rat)
LD50=6,700 (orl rat)
MLD 70 mg/kg (ivn rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
MLD 800 mg/kg (scu rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
RDA=500 mg/day

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List of chemical activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Sort descending	Dosage	Reference
Antialzheimeran	5-16 g/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Antichoreic	not available	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Anticirrhotic	6,000 mg/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Anticystinuric	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidementia	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidiabetic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidyskinetic	150-200 mg/kg/man/day	Martindale's 28th
Antihomocysteine	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antimanic	15-30 g/man/day/orl	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antinociceptive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antisteatotic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cardiodepressant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cerebrotonic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cholinergic	not available	Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Hepatoprotective	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Hypotensive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Ileorelaxant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Lipotropic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Memorigenic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Parasympathomimetic	(1/1,000th acetylcholine)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.

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List of chemical plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Plant Name Sort descending	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
Abrus precatorius	Seed	not available	not available	not available	=ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp
Achillea millefolium	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
Acorus calamus	Root	not available	2600.0	-0.1	Duke, 1992 *
Acorus calamus	Rhizome	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Adonis vernalis	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Aesculus hippocastanum	Flower	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Alisma plantago-aquatica	Rhizome	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Allium cepa	Bulb	not available	830.0	not available	Dakshinamurti, K. 1955. Choline Content of South Indian Foods. Curr. Sci., 24: 194-195.
Allium sativum var. sativum	Bulb	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Aloe vera	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.
Althaea officinalis	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.
Amorphophallus konjac	Root	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Anastatica hierochuntica	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Angelica sinensis	Root	not available	2470.0	-0.1	Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
Apium graveolens	Root	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Arachis hypogaea	Seed	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Areca catechu	Seed	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Arnica montana	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Artemisia abrotanum	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Artemisia cina	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *