Skip to main content

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Trifolium pratense (Fabaceae)

Common Names
Red Clover, Purple Clover, Peavine Clover, Cowgrass
How this plant is used
Generally Recognized as Safe

Select a Results View:

View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Sort descending Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
(-)-MAACKIAIN-3-O-GLUCOSIDE 1 Root not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
(E)-2-HEXENAL 2 Flower not available 20.0 1.00 Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
(E)-2-HEXENOL 0 Flower not available 7.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
(E)-LINALOL-OXIDE 0 Flower not available 19.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
(E)-LINALOOL-OXIDE 0 Flower not available 19.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
(Z)-1-HEXEN-3-OL 0 Flower not available 22.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
(Z)-3-HEXENOL 0 Flower not available 14.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
(Z)-3-HEXENYL-ACETATE 0 Flower not available 37.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
(Z)-LINALOL-OXIDE 0 Flower not available 15.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
(Z)-LINALOOL-OXIDE 0 Flower not available 15.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
1-OCTEN-3-OL 0 Flower not available 29.0 0.29 Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
1-PHENYLETHANOL 0 Flower not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
1-PHENYLETHYL-ALCOHOL 0 Flower not available 55.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
2,4-METHYLENE-CHOLESTEROL 0 Pollen Or Spore not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
2-ETHYLHEXANAL 0 Flower not available 3.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
2-METHYL-BUTAN-1-OL 0 Fruit not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
2-METHYL-BUTAN-1-OL 0 Root not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
2-PHENYLETHAN-1-OL 0 Root not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
2-PHENYLETHANOL 0 Flower not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
2-PHENYLETHYL-ALCOHOL 0 Flower not available 32.0 not available Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Sort descending Chemical Count Reference
11B-HSD-Inhibitor 2 (View Chemicals list for 11B-HSD-Inhibitor) Duke, 1992 *
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-Inhibitor 1 (View Chemicals list for 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-Inhibitor) Duke, 1992 *
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor 6 (View Chemicals list for 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor) Duke, 1992 *
5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor 2 (View Chemicals list for 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor) Duke, 1992 *
Abortifacient 2 (View Chemicals list for Abortifacient) Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.
Acaricide 5 (View Chemicals list for Acaricide) Duke, 1992 *
ACE-Inhibitor 3 (View Chemicals list for ACE-Inhibitor) Duke, 1992 *
Acetylcholinergic 1 (View Chemicals list for Acetylcholinergic) Duke, 1992 *
AChE-Inhibitor 1 (View Chemicals list for AChE-Inhibitor) Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Acidulant 2 (View Chemicals list for Acidulant) Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor 1 (View Chemicals list for Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor) Duke, 1992 *
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 16 (View Chemicals list for Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor) Duke, 1992 *
Allelochemic 9 (View Chemicals list for Allelochemic) Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Allelopathic 1 (View Chemicals list for Allelopathic) Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Allergenic 16 (View Chemicals list for Allergenic) Duke, 1992 *
Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor 3 (View Chemicals list for Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor) Duke, 1992 *
Amphiglycemic? 1 (View Chemicals list for Amphiglycemic?) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Analgesic 17 (View Chemicals list for Analgesic) Duke, 1992 *
Anaphrodisiac 1 (View Chemicals list for Anaphrodisiac) Duke, 1992 *
Androgenic 2 (View Chemicals list for Androgenic) Duke, 1992 *