Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Chinese hibiscus, Shoe-flower

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Activities: 317

Chemicals w/Activities: 13

All Chemicals: 20

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
112	ASCORBIC-ACID	Flower	40.0	405.0	-0.71	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Acidulant FEMA 6,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Analgesic 5-10 g/day * Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker * AntiAGE 2,000 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antiaggregant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antiaging 400 mg/day * Antiallergic * Antialzheimeran 2,000-6,000 mg/day * Antiarthritic 0.2-1 g/day * Antiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiatherosclerotic * Antibacterial Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anticataract 1 g 3x/day * Anticataract 350 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticataract 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Anticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/day * AntiCFS 500-1,000 mg * Anticlimacteric 500-5,000 mg/day * Anticold 1-2 g/man/day * AntiCrohn's 50-100 mg/day/orl/man Martindale's 29th AntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/day * Antidecubitic 500 mg/man/2x/day Martindale's 28th Antidementia * Antidepressant 2,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antidiabetic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antidote (Aluminum) Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antidote (Cadmium) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Paraquat) Martindale's 28th Antieczemic 3.5-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiedemic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiencephalitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiendometriotic 2,000 mg/day * Antifatigue 500-1,000 mg * Antifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mg * Antigallstone 1,000-3,000 mg/day * Antigastritic * Antigingivitic * Antiglaucomic 2 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antihangover 1,000 mg * Antihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihepatotoxic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antiherpetic 1-5 g/day * Antihistaminic 2 g/day orl man * Antihypertensive * Antiinfertility 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiinflammatory Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day Martindale's 28th Antilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/day * AntiLyme 500-2,000 mg * Antimaculitic * Antimeasles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenopausal 500-5,000 mg/day * Antimigraine Martindale's 29th Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antineuramidase * Antinitrosic 1 g/man/day Martindale's 28th Antiobesity 1 g 3x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiorchitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/day * Antioxidant 100 ppm * Antiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/day * Antiparotitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antipneumonic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antipodriac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antipoliomyelitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antipyretic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antiradicular Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 AntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/day * Antiretinotic * Antirheumatic * Antirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/day * Antiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day Martindale's 28th Antiseptic MIC=3.3-217 mg/ml Martindale's 28th Antiseptic 4-8 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antishingles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antispasmodic 500-5,000 mg/day * Antistress 500-1,000 mg * Antisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Antitumor (Gastric) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antiulcer * Antiviral 1-5 g/day * Apoptotic 1-10 mM * Asthma-preventive 1,000 mg/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker * Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1.5 g/day/man * Calcium-Antagonist * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardioprotective * Cold-preventive 1-2 g/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Collagenic * Detoxicant * Diuretic 700 mg/man/orl * Fistula-Preventive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Hypoglycemic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Hypotensive 1,000 mg/man/day * Immunomodulator * Immunostimulant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95 Interferonogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Lithogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day Martindale's 28th Pesticide * Uricosuric 4 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Urinary-Acidulant Martindale's 29th Vasodilator * Vulnerary Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
53	BETA-CAROTENE	Leaf	75.0	750.0	2.13	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Allergenic * Androgenic? Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiacne Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiaging * Antiarthritic * Antiasthmatic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticarcinomic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Anticervicaldysplasic * Anticoronary 50 mg/man/2 days * Antihyperkeratotic * Antiichythyotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antileukoplakic * Antilipoperoxidant IC71=50 ug/ml * Antilupus 150 mg/man/day/2 mos Martindale's 28th Antimaculitic * Antimastitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antioxidant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiozenic * Antipapillomic * Antiphotophobic 30-300 mg/man/day Martindale's 29th Antipityriasic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). AntiPMS * Antiporphyric 30-300 mg/man/day Martindale's 28th Antiproliferant Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiradicular Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antirheumatic * Antistress Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antitumor Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990. Antitumor (Breast) IC45=60 ug/ml * Antitumor (CNS) IC43=45 ug/ml * Antitumor (Colon) IC43=45 ug/ml * Antitumor (Lung) IC30=60 ug/ml * Antitumor (Prostate) * Antitumor (Stomach) IC26=45 ug/ml * Antiulcer 15,000-25,000 IU/day * Antiulcer 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antixerophthalmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Cancer-Preventive 22 ppm Jim Duke's personal files. Chemopreventive * Colorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. COX-1-Inhibitor IC78=50 ug/ml * COX-2-Inhibitor IC82=50 ug/ml * Gastroprotective * Immunostimulant 180 mg/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Interferon-Synergist * Mucogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Phagocytotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Prooxidant 20 ug/g * Thymoprotective Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
28	CALCIUM	Flower	40.0	395.0	-1.49	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Antiallergic 500 mg/day * Antianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg * Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day * Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihypertensive * Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antiobesity * Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day * Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. AntiPMS 1 g/day * Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day * Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day * Antitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/day * Calcium-Channel-Blocker * Diuretic * Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg * Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day * Vasodilator *
0	CYANIDIN-3-SOPHOROSIDE	Flower	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
1	CYANIDIN-CHLORIDE	Plant	--	--	--	J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor *
0	CYANIDIN-DIGLUCOSIDE	Flower	--	--	--	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
0	FAT	Flower	3600.0	35290.0	-0.35	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
15	FIBER	Flower	15600.0	152960.0	0.26	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker * Antidiabetic * Antihypertensive * Antiobesity * Antitumor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiulcer Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Beta-Blocker * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardioprotective * Diuretic * Hypocholesterolemic * Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Hypouricemic * Laxative * Vasodilator *
0	HENTRIACONTANE	Plant	--	--	--	J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
6	IRON	Flower	17.0	165.0	-0.02	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Antiakathisic Martindale's 29th Antianemic Martindale's 29th Anticanker * Anticheilitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenorrhagic 100 mg/day/wmn/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Prooxidant *
0	KILOCALORIES	Flower	360.0	3530.0	1.45	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
2	METHYL-10-OXO-11-OCTADECYNOATE	Plant	--	--	--	J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
Allelopathic * Pesticide *
2	METHYL-8-OXO-9-OCTADECYNOATE	Plant	--	--	--	J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
Allelopathic * Pesticide *
39	NIACIN	Flower	6.0	60.0	-0.34	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Allergenic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiacrodynic * Antiallergic 50 mg/2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antialzheimeran * Antiamblyopic * Antianginal * Anticataract * Antichilblain Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Anticonvulsant 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antidementia * Antidermatitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidiabetic * Antidysphagic * Antiepileptic 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antihangover 50 mg * Antihistaminic 50 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiinsomnic 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. AntiLyme 50 mg/day * AntiMeniere's Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705. Antineuralgic * Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antipellagric Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. AntiRaynaud's 1,500-4,000 mg/day * Antiscotomic * Antispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antivertigo * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardioprotective * Circulotonic * Fibrinolytic * Hepatoprotective * Hepatotoxic * Hypocholesterolemic 50-100 mg 3x/day * Hypoglycemic * Hypolipidemic * Sedative Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Serotoninergic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Vasodilator Martindale's 29th
0	NITROGEN	Flower	640.0	6275.0	-1.00	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
4	PHOSPHORUS	Flower	265.0	2615.0	-0.46	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Antiosteoporotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anxiolytic * Immunostimulant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Osteogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
176	QUERCETIN	Plant	--	--	--	J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
11B-HSD-Inhibitor * 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=4 * Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC70-96=10 uM * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.84 ug/ml cow Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387 Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.344 uM Mao, X. M., Zhang, J. Q. 1993. Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Extracts of Chinese Herbal Medicine. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi , 18(10): 623-624. Allelochemic IC82=1 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Allergenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Analgesic * Antiaflatoxin IC50=25 uM * Antiaflatoxin IC50=7.5 ppm * Antiaggregant IC50=55 uM Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 333. Antiaggregant 30 uM * Antiaging * Antiallergic IC50=14 uM Jim Duke's personal files. Antialzheimeran * Antianaphylactic Meli, R., Autore, G., Di Carlo, G., Capasso, F. Inhibitory Action of Quercetin on Intestinal Transit in Mice. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 201, 1990. Antiangiogenic * Antiarthritic * Antiasthmatic IC50=14 uM * Antiatherosclerotic * Antibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Anticarcinomic (Breast) IC50=1.5 uM Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer) Anticariogenic ID50=120 ug/ml * Anticataract * Anticolitic 400 mg/man/3x/day Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Anticomplementary * AntiCrohn's 400 mg/man/3x/day Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Anticystitic 1,000 mg/day/4 weeks * Antidepressant * Antidermatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antidiabetic * Antielastase IC50=0.8 ug/ml * Antiencephalitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199. Antiescherichic * Antiestrogenic * Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Antifibrosarcomic * Antiflu Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Antigastric Rastitel'nye Resursy, 21: 85. Antigonadotropic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. AntiGTF ID50=120 ug/ml * Antihepatotoxic Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990. Antiherpetic 48-150 ug/ml * Antihistaminic IC50=<10 uM * AntiHIV * Antihydrophobic Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Antihypertensive Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antiinflammatory 20-150 mg/kg Fitoterapia No.5-1990. Antileishmanic IC50=64 * Antileukemic IC50=>10 ug/ml Life Sciences 55: 1061. Antileukemic 5.5-60 uM * Antileukemic IC50=10 uM Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 225. Antileukotriene Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antilipoperoxidant IC67=50 * Antimalarial IC50=1-6.4 ug/ml Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987. Antimelanomic * Antimetastatic * Antimutagenic ID50=2-5 nM Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Antimutagenic ID50=0.62 ug/ml * Antimyocarditic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199. Antinitrosaminic * Antinociceptive * Antioxidant ED50=2.3 uM Seidel, V., Verholle, M., Malard, Y., Tillequin, F., Fruchart, J-C., Duriez, P., Bailleul, F., Teissier, E. 2000. Phenylpropanoids from Ballota nigra L. Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98. Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. E * Antioxidant IC96=300 ppm Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Antioxidant IC47=10 uM * Antipancreatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Antiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiperistaltic * Antipermeability * Antiperoxidant Planta Medica, 57: A110, 1991. Antipharyngitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiplasmodial IC50=13-64 * AntiPMS 500 mg/2x/day/wmn Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antipodriac * Antipolio Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiproliferant 10 nM * Antiprostanoid * Antiprostatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiradicular IC50=4.6 uM Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990. Antispasmodic * Antistreptococcic ID50=120 ug/ml * Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69. Antithrombic * Antitrypanosomic IC50=13 * Antitumor 10 uM * Antitumor (Bladder) * Antitumor (Breast) * Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antitumor (Ovary) * Antitumor (Skin) 20 uM * Antitumor-Promoter Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiulcer * Antiviral 48-150 ug/ml Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture. Comparison With The Antiviral Activity Of Propolis. J. of Natural Products 55(12):1732-1740, 1992. Antiviral IC50=10 uM Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 225. Apoptotic 20-60 uM * ATPase-Inhibitor Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Bacteristat 10 mg/ml * Bradycardiac Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Calmodulin-Antagonist Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide * Capillariprotective Merck 11th Edition Carcinogenic 40,000 ppm (diet) mus Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Catabolic * COMT-Inhibitor * Copper-Chelator * COX-2-Inhibitor <40 uM * Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor * Cytochrome-P450-1A2-Inhibitor * Cytotoxic ED50=70 ug/ml Matsukawa, Y., et al. The Effect of Quercetin and Other Flavonoids on Cell Cycle Progresssion and Growth of Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Planta Medica, 56(6): 677, 1990. Cytotoxic IC82=100 ug/ml Planta Medica, 57: A113, 1991. Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files. Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90. Differentiator 5.5 uM * Estrogenic 10% genistein * Fungicide * Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=120 ug/ml * Hemostat Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Hepatomagenic 5,000 ppm (diet) rat Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Hepatoprotective * HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=<1 ug/ml Nakane, H., Fukushima, M., and Ono, K. Differential Inhibition Of Reverse Transcriptase And Various DNA Polymerases By Digallic Acid And Its Derivatives. Journal of Natural Products, 53(5): 1234-1240, 1990. Hypoglycemic 100 mg/kg orl rat Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=20 uM Inotropic * Insulinogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Juvabional Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Larvistat 8,000 ppm diet Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.1-5 uM * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=1.25 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. MAO-A-Inhibitor * Mast-Cell-Stabilizer * Metal-Chelator (Copper) Seidel, V., Verholle, M., Malard, Y., Tillequin, F., Fruchart, J-C., Duriez, P., Bailleul, F., Teissier, E. 2000. Phenylpropanoids from Ballota nigra L. Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98. Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uM * MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uM * Mutagenic * NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor * NEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uM * Neuroprotective 5-25 uM * NF-kB-Inhibitor * NO-Inhibitor IC>50=125 uM * NO-Inhibitor IC50=20 uM * NO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uM * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor <10 uM * P450-Inducer 5 uM Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations. P450-Inhibitor 50-100 uM Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations. Pesticide * PGE2-Inhibitor * Phospholipase-Inhibitor * Plasmodicide Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Proliferant * Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 40 ug/ml Ibewuike, J. C., Ogungbamila, F. O., Ogundaini, A. O., Okeke, I. N., Bohlin, L. 1997. Antiinflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of C-methylflavonol from Piliostigma thonningii. Phytotherapy Research, 11(4): 281-284. Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14. PTK-Inhibitor 0.4-24 uM * Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 6 uM Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in Murine Hepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 13 uM * Teratologic * TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.11 uM * Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=42 uM * Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=12.8 ug/ml * Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=23-40 uM * Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1-6.9 ug/ml * Tumorigenic 0.1% diet orl rat/yr Jim Duke's personal files. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=70 uM * Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170. Vasodilator * VEGF-Inhibitor * Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=10.6 ug/ml * Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor 3.1 uM * Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4 ug/ml Chem. & Pharm. Bull. 38: 1772.
15	RIBOFLAVIN	Flower	0.4	4.7	-0.35	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Antiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/day orl Martindale's 28th Anticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticataract 15 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticephalagic * Anticervicaldysplasic 1.6-10 mg/day * Anticheilitic * Antidecubitic * Antiglossitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antikeratitic * AntiLyme 50 mg/day * Antimigraine * Antioxidant * Antipellagric * Antiphotophobic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
31	THIAMIN	Flower	0.3	3.0	-0.68	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Analgesic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antialcoholic 50-100 mg/day * Antialzheimeran 100-3,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antianorectic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antibackache 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiberiberi * Anticanker * Anticardiospasmic * Anticataract * Anticolitic * Antidecubitic * Antideliriant * Antidementia * Antidyspeptic * Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29th Antifatigue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antigastritic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antihangover 50 mg * Antiheartburn * Antiherpetic * AntiLyme 50 mg * Antimigraine * Antimyocarditic * Antineuralgic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antineurasthenic * Antineuritic * Antineuropathic 50 mg Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antipoliomyelitic * Insectifuge 75-150 mg/man/day Martindale's 28th Neuroprotective * Pesticide *
0	WATER	Flower	--	898000.0	0.56	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae)

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