Cymbopogon winterianus | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Java Citronella, Mahapengiri

How used

GRAS

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Activities: 161

Chemicals w/Activities: 32

All Chemicals: 53

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
0	2-HEXEN-1-AL	Plant	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
2	2-HEXEN-1-OL	Plant	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Antiseptic * Pesticide *
0	ALPHA-CELANENE	Plant	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
28	ALPHA-PINENE	Plant	--	--	--	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allelochemic * Allergenic * Antiacne * Antibacterial * Antifeedant * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg * Antipneumonic * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Coleoptophile * Expectorant Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp. FLavor FEMA 15-150 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide IC50=30 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly * Insectifuge 50 ppm * Insectiphile J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM * Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Sedative Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Spasmogenic * Tranquilizer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Transdermal *
24	BENZALDEHYDE	Plant	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Allergenic * Anesthetic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Antimutagenic * Antipeptic * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic * Antitumor * Candidicide * FLavor FEMA 150-800 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Immunostimulant * Insecticide Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Insectifuge 50 ppm J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Narcotic Merck 11th Edition Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Pesticide * Sedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Termiticide LD100=5 mg/g * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=87 ug/ml * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=0.82 mM * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=830 uM * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=820 uM *
5	BETA-ELEMENE	Plant	40.0	70.0	-0.22	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Anticancer (Cervix) Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987. Antigliomic * Antiproliferant * Antitumor (Cervix) Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987. Apoptotic *
0	BISABOLENE	Plant	--	--	--	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
0	BOURBONENE	Plant	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
0	CADINOL	Plant	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
0	CALAMENENE	Plant	--	--	--	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
31	CARYOPHYLLENE	Plant	84.0	147.0	-0.38	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor * Allergenic * Analgesic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Antiacne * Antiasthmatic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antibacterial * Anticariogenic MIC=>1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Antidermatitic * Antiedemic Shimizu,M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. Antifeedant 500 ppm Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Antiinflammatory IC50=100 uM Shimizu,M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. Antileishmanic * Antionychyotic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Antiproliferant * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Antitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992. Antiulcer Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Candidicide * FLavor FEMA 20-200 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Gastroprotective Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Insectifuge * Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Larvicide * Mosquitocide * Perfumery Merck 11th Edition Pesticide * Sedative * Termitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
53	CITRAL	Plant	8.0	14.0	-0.76	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Allergenic * Antiallergenic * Antiallergic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antianaphylactic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Antihelicobacter * Antiherpetic * Antihistaminic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antiinflammatory * Antileishmanic * Antioxidant * Antiseptic 5.2 x phenol * Antishock Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antispasmodic * Antitumor * Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Liver) * Antitumor (Skin) * Antiulcer * Antiviral * Apoptotic * Barbituate-Synergist * Bronchorelaxant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Calcium-Antagonist * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carcinogenic * Caspase-3-Inducer * Chemopreventive * Cytotoxic * Estrogenic * Expectorant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. FLavor FEMA 4-170 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide MIC 625 ug/ml * Glaucomagenic * Glutathionigenic * Herbicide IC50=115 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Myorelaxant 200 mg/kg * Nematicide IC52=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Nematicide MLC=100-260 ug/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. NF-kB-Inhibitor * NO-Inhibitor * P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.19 uM * Perfumery Merck 11th Edition Pesticide * Prostatitigenic 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms * Sedative 1 mg/kg * Sedative ED 1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Teratogenic * Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml * Trypanocide * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1,500 uM * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1.5 mM *
20	CITRONELLAL	Plant	1000.0	2289.0	1.05	*
Acaricide * Allergenic * Antibacterial * Antiseptic 3.8 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Candidicide * Embryotoxic * FLavor FEMA <1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Insectifuge Merck 11th Edition Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Mutagenic? * Nematicide MIC 1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.56 uM * Perfumery * Pesticide * Sedative ED=1 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Teratogenic *
15	CITRONELLOL	Plant	440.0	770.0	1.13	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allergenic * Antibacterial * Antiseptic * Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Candidicide * FLavor FEMA 1-50 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide HerbalGram No. 17. Herbicide IC50=160 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Nematicide MLC=100 ug/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Merck 11th Edition Pesticide * Sedative Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml *
2	CITRONELLYL-ACETATE	Plant	80.0	280.0	1.41	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
FLavor FEMA <1-700 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
1	CITRONELLYL-BUTYRATE	Plant	--	--	--	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
FLavor FEMA <1-2 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
0	CITRONELLYL-CITRONELLATE	Plant	66.0	233.0	--	*
0	CUBEBENE	Plant	--	--	--	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
0	CYMBOPOL	Plant	60.0	105.0	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
0	D-1-METHYL-3-CYCLOHEXANONE	Plant	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Cymbopogon winterianus (Poaceae)

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