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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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APIOLE

Chemical ID
APIOLE
Ubiquitous
No
List of known dosages
Dosage Reference
LDlo=500 (scu dog) Jim Duke's personal files.
LDlo=25,000-35,000/man Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
LD 2,000 (orl gpg)
LD50=50 mg/kg (ivn mus) Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
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List of chemical activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Dosage Reference
Abortifacient 5,000 orl rbt *
Antidysmenorrheic *
Antimalarial *
Antineuralgic *
Antipyretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Antireproductive 0.013 man *
Antispasmodic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Calcium-Antagonist IC50=29.2 uM *
CNS-Stimulant #NAME? *
Diuretic Tyler, V.E.. 1982. The Honest Herbal. George F. Stickley Co., Philadelphia PA. 263 pp.
Emmenagogue *
Hepatotoxic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Insecticide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Intoxicant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Irritant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Pesticide *
Secretolytic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
Synergist Merck 11th Edition
Uterotonic Tyler, V.E.. 1982. The Honest Herbal. George F. Stickley Co., Philadelphia PA. 263 pp.
Vasodilator Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
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List of chemical plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Plant Name Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
Anethum graveolens Root Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986.
Apium graveolens Seed 115.0 180.0 -1.0 *
Apium graveolens Essential Oil *
Foeniculum vulgare Seed Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Foeniculum vulgare Fruit *
Levisticum officinale Seed Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Oenanthe aquatica Fruit *
Oenanthe crocata Root *
Peperomia pelucida Plant Tramil
Petroselinum crispum Leaf 0.4 350.0 *
Petroselinum crispum Seed 19650.0 36580.0 1.0 *
Piper cubeba Fruit 300.0 600.0 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Sassafras albidum Root CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses