An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Biological Activity Immunomodulator

List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
GINKGOLIDES not available Duke, 1992 *
GINSENOSIDES not available Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
GLYCYRRHIZAN-UC not available Duke, 1992 *
INOSINE not available Duke, 1992 *
IRILONE not available Duke, 1992 *
LIMONENE not available Duke, 1992 *
LINOLEIC-ACID not available Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
MAGNESIUM not available Duke, 1992 *
OLEANOLIC-ACID not available Duke, 1992 *
OPC not available Duke, 1992 *
OPCS not available Duke, 1992 *
PAEONOL not available Duke, 1992 *
ROSMARINIC-ACID not available Duke, 1992 *
RUTIN not available Duke, 1992 *
SAIKOSAPONIN not available Duke, 1992 *
SANCHINAN-A not available Duke, 1992 *
SAPONINS not available Duke, 1992 *
SELENIUM not available Duke, 1992 *
SWAINSONINE not available Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
SYRINGIN not available Duke, 1992 *
List of Activity Plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column.
Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Convallaria majalis Lily-Of-The-Valley 1 0
Conyza canadensis Butterweed; Hogweed; Horseweed 1 0
Coptis chinensis Chinese Goldthread; Huang-Lian; Huang-Lien 3 9, 111
Coptis japonica Huang-Lia; Huang-Lian; Huang-Lien; Japanese Goldthread 3 12, 148
Coptis spp Generic Goldthread 3 3, 037
Corchorus olitorius Jew's Mallow; Mulukiya; Nalta Jute 3 333, 915
Coriandrum sativum Coriander; Chinese Parsley; Cilantro 8 567, 821.3999977112
Coriaria myrtifolia Mealy Tree 1 0
Coriaria thymifolia Ground Toot; Shanshi 1 0
Coridothymus capitatus Spanish Oregano 1 110
Cornus florida American Dogwood 2 0
Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry; Sorbet 4 1, 374, 000
Cornus officinalis Chinese Dogwood 6 848
Corylus americana American Filbert; American Hazel 1 0
Corylus avellana English Filbert; European Filbert; European Hazel; Hazel; Cobnut 8 111, 948.89999993145
Crataegus cuneata Hawthorn 4 782
Crataegus laevigata Hawthorn; English Hawthorn; Whitethorn; Woodland Hawthorn 13 131, 314.80000019073
Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn; English Hawthorn 6 60, 000
Crataegus pentagyna Hawthorn 1 0
Crataegus rhipidophylla Hawthorn 11 32, 862