An official website of the United States government.
| Chemical Name | Dosage | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| KAEMPFEROL | IC50=8.73 uM | Duke, 1992 * |
| NARINGENIN | IC50=3.37 ppm | Duke, 1992 * |
| NARINGENIN | IC50=12 uM | Duke, 1992 * |
| PIPERINE | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| QUERCETIN | IC50=25 uM | Duke, 1992 * |
| QUERCETIN | IC50=7.5 ppm | Duke, 1992 * |
| RHAMNETIN | IC50=1.29 uM | Duke, 1992 * |
| RHAMNETIN | 0.41 ppm | Duke, 1992 * |
| SCOPOLETIN | IC50=65 uM | Duke, 1992 * |
| SCOPOLETIN | 11.4 ppm | Duke, 1992 * |
| TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN | IC50=43 uM | Duke, 1992 * |
| XANTHOTOXIN | IC50=2.5 uM | Duke, 1992 * |
| XANTHOTOXIN | 0.54 ppm | Duke, 1992 * |
| Plant Name | Common Name | Chemical Count | Total Parts Per Million |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccinium myrtillus | Bilberry; Whortleberry; Dwarf Bilberry | 1 | 0 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea | Cowberry; Lingen; Lingonberry | 2 | 0 |
| Valeriana officinalis | Valerian; Common Valerian; Garden-Heliotrope | 2 | 0 |
| Viburnum opulus | Crampbark; European Cranberry Bush; Guelder Rose; Snowballbush | 3 | 60 |
| Viburnum prunifolium | Black Haw | 1 | 180 |
| Vicia faba | Broadbean; Faba Bean; Habas | 1 | 0 |
| Vigna radiata | Green Gram; Mungbean | 3 | 0 |
| Viola odorata | Common Violet; Sweet Violet | 3 | 0 |
| Viola tricolor | Pansy; Wild Violet | 1 | 0 |
| Vitex agnus-castus | Chaste-Tree | 1 | 0 |
| Vitis vinifera | Grape; European Grape; Wine Grape; Grapevine; Vigne Vinifere (Fr.); Weinrebe (Ger.); Parra (Sp.); Vid (Sp.) | 3 | 288 |
| Withania somnifera | Ashwagandha | 2 | 0 |
| Xylopia aethiopica | Ethiopian Pepper; Guinea Pepper; Negro Pepper; Spice Tree; Mohrenpfeffer (Ger.); Maniguete (Sp.); Pimienta de Guinea (Sp.) | 1 | 63, 700 |
| Zanthoxylum americanum | Northern Prickly Ash | 2 | 88 |
| Zea mays | Corn | 3 | 0 |
| Zingiber officinale | Ginger | 4 | 400, 980 |
| Zizyphus jujuba | Da-Zao; Jujube; Ta-Tsao | 1 | 0 |