An official website of the United States government.
Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAMPHENE | 9 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| CAMPHOR | 41 | Fruit | 10.0 | 180.0 | -0.55 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CAMPHOR | 41 | Seed | 10.0 | 180.0 | not available | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| CARBOHYDRATES | 0 | Fruit | 522900.0 | 577680.0 | -1.10 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CARBOHYDRATES | 0 | Plant | 51000.0 | 519000.0 | -0.99 | USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae) |
| CARBOHYDRATES | 0 | Seed | 61884.0 | 573000.0 | 0.20 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CARVONE | 19 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| CERYL-ALCOHOL | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| CERYL-ALCOHOL | 0 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| CHLOROGENIC-ACID | 77 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| CHOLINE | 20 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| CHROMIUM | 24 | Fruit | 4.0 | 5.0 | 0.19 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CHROMIUM | 24 | Seed | 0.1 | 0.5 | -0.61 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CINNAMIC-ACID | 18 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| CINNAMIC-ACID | 18 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| CIS-ANETHOLE | 1 | Fruit | 10.0 | 300.0 | 1.31 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CIS-ANETHOLE | 1 | Plant | not available | 50.0 | not available | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| CIS-ANETHOLE | 1 | Seed | 10.0 | 300.0 | 1.00 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CIS-ANETHOLE | 1 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | 3000.0 | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| CIS-MIYABENOL-C | 0 | Seed | not available | 7.3 | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Proliferant | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Prooxidant | 4 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Propecic | 4 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Prostaglandigenic | 5 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Prostaglandin-Sparer | 1 | Fujita, T., Nakatani, E., Funaishi, N., Sakuma, S., Fujimoto, Y. Potent inhibition of prostaglandin inactivation in rabbit gastric antral mucosal slices by selenium ions in-vitro. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 655-657, 1990. |
| Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor | 4 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Prostatitigenic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor | 3 | Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14. |
| Protisticide | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Psychoactive | 1 | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
| PTK-Inhibitor | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Quinone-Reductase-Inducer | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Radioprotective | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Refrigerant | 1 | Martindale's 28th |
| Renoirritant | 1 | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Respirainhibitor | 1 | Merck 11th Edition |
| Respirastimulant | 1 | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
| Roborant | 1 | Merck 11th Edition |
| Rubefacient | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Schizophrenigenic | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |