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Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIS-OCIMENE | 3 | Fruit | 40.0 | 600.0 | 1.00 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CIS-OCIMENE | 3 | Seed | 40.0 | 600.0 | 1.00 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| CITRAL | 53 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| CITRIC-ACID | 23 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| CITRIC-ACID | 23 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| CITRONELLAL | 20 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| CITRONELLOL | 15 | Essential Oil | not available | 2800.0 | -0.77 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| COBALT | 2 | Fruit | 1.0 | 31.0 | 3.22 | Duke, 1992 * |
| COBALT | 2 | Seed | 0.3 | 3.1 | -0.07 | Duke, 1992 * |
| COLUMBIANETIN | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| COLUMBIANETIN | 0 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| COPPER | 12 | Fruit | 8.0 | 24.0 | 0.87 | Duke, 1992 * |
| COPPER | 12 | Seed | 8.0 | 24.0 | 0.83 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CYNARIN | 23 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| CYNAROSIDE | 3 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| CYSTINE | 2 | Fruit | 2220.0 | 2435.0 | 1.46 | Duke, 1992 * |
| CYSTINE | 2 | Seed | 2220.0 | 2435.0 | -0.50 | USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae) |
| D-LIMONENE | 19 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| D-LIMONENE | 19 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books) |
| DI-P-METHOXYSTILBENE | 0 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Cerebroprotective | 1 | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
| Cerebrostimulant | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cerebrotonic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Chemopreventive | 11 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cholagogue | 6 | Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. |
| Choleretic | 17 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cholesterolytic | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cholinergic | 1 | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Cicatrizant | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Circulatory-Stimulant | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Circulotonic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Clastogenic | 3 | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| CNS-Active | 3 | Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. |
| CNS-Depressant | 6 | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| CNS-Stimulant | 7 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Co-carcinogenic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cold-preventive | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Coleoptophile | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Collagen-Sparing | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Collagenic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |