An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Grapefruit
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
N-TRIACONTANE 0 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NARINGENIN 56 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NARINGENIN-7-BETA-(4-BETA-D-GLUCOSYL)-NEOHESPERIDOSIDE 0 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NARINGENIN-7-BETA-(4-BETA-D-GLUCOSYL)-RUTINOSIDE 0 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NARINGENIN-7-O-BETA-D-RUTINOSIDE 0 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NARINGENIN-RUTINOSIDE 0 Fruit not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
NARINGIN 12 Fruit 245.0 195000.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
NARINGIN 12 Pericarp 2701.0 15595.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
NARINGIN 12 Seed 200.0 2677.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
NARINGIN-4-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
NARIRUTIN 1 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NEOHESPERIDIN 6 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NERAL 4 Fruit 0.0 210.0 0.21 Duke, 1992 *
NEROL 10 Pericarp not available 3.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
NERYL-ACETATE 5 Pericarp not available 0.4 not available Duke, 1992 *
NEUROSPORENE 0 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NIACIN 39 Fruit 2.0 44.0 -0.22 Duke, 1992 *
NICKEL 3 Fruit 0.0 7.7 1.56 Duke, 1992 *
NITROGEN 0 Fruit 990.0 16360.0 0.12 ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980
NOMILIN 2 Seed not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Cardioprotective 10 Duke, 1992 *
Cardiotonic 1 Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
Cardiotoxic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Cardiovascular 1 Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
Carminative 1 Duke, 1992 *
Caspase-3-Inducer 1 Duke, 1992 *
Caspase-8-Inducer 1 Duke, 1992 *
Catabolic 3 Abstract (See species file)
cGMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor 1 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemopreventive 9 Duke, 1992 *
Cholagogue 3 Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Choleretic 13 Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Cholesterolytic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Cholinergic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Cicatrizant 1 Duke, 1992 *
Circulotonic 2 Duke, 1992 *
Clastogenic 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
CNS-Active 1 Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
CNS-Depressant 3 Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.
CNS-Paralytic 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.