Rhododendron ferrugineum | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Rusty-Leaved Alpenrose

How used

Medicinal

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Activities: 128

Chemicals w/Activities: 8

All Chemicals: 11

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
1	ACETYLANDROMEDOL	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Hypotensive 5-10 ug/kg ivn dog Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
10	ALPHA-AMYRIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Analgesic * Antiedemic IC43=40 mg/kg ipr rat * Antiinflammatory IC71=1,000 ppm orl * Antinociceptive * Antitumor * Antiulcer * Cytotoxic 50-400 * Gastroprotective * Hepatoprotective * Insectifuge *
15	ARBUTIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Allelochemic IC51=1.1 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Antibacterial MIC=4,000-8,000 ppm * Antiedemic 50 mg/kg * Antimelanogenic IC50=40 uM * Antiseptic 60-200 mg/man * Antistreptococcic MIC=4,000-8,000 ppm Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Antitussive Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Artemicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Candidicide Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Diuretic 60-200 mg/man Merck 11th Edition Insulin-Sparing Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Mycoplasmistat Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Pesticide * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor IC50=40 uM * Urinary-Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
9	BETA-AMYRIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Analgesic * Antiedemic IC27=40 mg/kg ipr rat * Antiinflammatory * Antinociceptive * Antiulcer * Gastroprotective * Hepatoprotective * Larvicide * Mosquitocide *
0	CAMPANULIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
23	CITRIC-ACID	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Allergenic * Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor * Antiaphthic 20,000 ppm Martindale's 28th Antiatherosclerotic * Antibacterial * Anticalculic * Anticoagulant Merck 11th Edition Antileishmanic * Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antioxidant Synergist Merck 11th Edition Antiseborrheic * Antiseptic Martindale's 29th Antitubercular * Antitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Disinfectant Martindale's 29th FLavor FEMA 370-4,400 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Hemostat * Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Laxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91. Litholytic Martindale's 29th Mycobactericide * Odontolytic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Refrigerant Martindale's 28th
0	EPIFRIEDELIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
2	FRIEDELIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Antiinflammatory 30 mg/kg * Diuretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
0	RHODODENDRIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
35	TANNIN	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Anthelmintic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Anticariogenic * Antidiarrheic * Antidysenteric * Antihepatotoxic * AntiHIV * Antihypertensive * Antilipolytic * Antimutagenic * Antinephritic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Antiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin * Antioxidant IC50=1.44 ug/ml * Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin * Antiradicular 500 mg/kg/day orl mus Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Antirenitic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Antitumor * Antitumor-Promoter * Antiulcer * Antiviral * Cancer-Preventive HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14. Carcinogenic * Chelator * Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor * Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor * Hepatoprotective * Immunosuppressant * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor * MAO-Inhibitor * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor * Pesticide * Psychotropic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor *
89	URSOLIC-ACID	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Analgesic * Antialzheimeran Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. Antiarrhythmic * Antiarthritic Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991. Antibacterial * Anticancer Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. Anticancer (Colon) Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. Anticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Anticholestatic 28-100 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. Anticomplement IC100 0.1 mM/l gpg Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Anticomplement IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpg Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books) AntiEBV Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Antiedemic * Antiescherichic * Antifibrosarcomic IC80=10 uM * Antihepatotoxic 5-20 mg/kg ipr Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. Antihistaminic Tsuruga, T., Chun, Y.-T., Ebizuka, Y., and Sankawa, U. 1991. Biologically Active Constituents of Melaleuca leucadendron: Inhibitors of Induced Histamine Release from Rat Mast Cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(12): 3276-3278, 1991. AntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095. AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095. AntiHIV IC85=18 ug/ml * AntiHIV 6.7 uM * Antihyperlipidemic * Antiinflammatory IC24=500 mg/kg * Antiinflammatory 1/3 indomethacin * Antileishmanic ED50=20 uM * Antileukemic IC50=2.5-17.8 ug/ml * Antilymphomic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Antimalarial IC50=28-37 ug/ml * Antimetastatic IC80=10 uM * Antimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kg * Antinephritic IC50=6-7.5 uM * Antiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4. Antioxidant IC50=10 uM * Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml * Antiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/ml * Antiproliferative IC50=15-20 uM * Antistaphylococcic * AntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5 uM * Antithromboxane IC50=50 uM * Antitrypanosomic * Antitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994. Antitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antitumor (Breast) 0.5% diet * Antitumor (Breast) IC50=15-20 uM * Antitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antitumor (Stomach) IC50=15-20 uM * Antitumor-Promoter Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991. Antiulcer Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. Antiviral IC85=18 ug/ml * Aromatase-Inhibitor * Beta-Blocker * Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide * Cardioprotective * Cardiotonic * Choleretic 5-20 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. CNS-Depressant * COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=130 uM/ * Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. Cytotoxic 50 ppm * Cytotoxic ED50=3.75 ug/ml * Cytotoxic 7.2 uM * Diuretic * Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM * Hepatoprotective 1-100 ug/ml * Hepatoprotective 10 mg/kg * Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. Hypotensive * Immunomodulator * Leucocytogenic * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.18 mM * MMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10 uM * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor * Pesticide * Piscicide * Potassium-Sparing 3 mg/rat Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. Protease-Inhibitor IC85=18 ug/ml * Protisticide Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 ug/ml Lee, S. K., Song, Y., Mata-Greenwood, E., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V. E., Pezzuto, J. M. 1999. Modulation of in vitro Biomarkers of the Carcinogenic Process by Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Res., 19: 35-44. Sodium-Sparing 3 mg/rat Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. TOPO-2-Inhibitor * Trypanocide * Vasopressor *

^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Rhododendron ferrugineum (Ericaceae)

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