Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Typical Mountain Mint

How used

Medicinal

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Activities: 198

Chemicals w/Activities: 20

All Chemicals: 25

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
67	1,8-CINEOLE	Shoot	39.0	116.0	-0.13	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
(-)-Chronotropic 87 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (-)-Inotropic 87 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Acaricide LC100=6 uM * Allelopathic * Allergenic * Anesthetic * Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=41 ug/ml * Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antibacterial 50 ppm * Antibronchitic * Anticariogenic * Anticatarrh Martindale's 29th Anticholinesterase IC50=50-70 * Antifatigue * Antihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. Antiinflammatory * Antilaryngitic * Antinociceptive * Antipharyngitic * Antiplaque * Antirheumatic * Antirhinitic * Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antisinusitic * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic 50 ppm * Antitussive * Antiulcer * Candidicide * Carcinogenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Choleretic * CNS-Stimulant * Convulsant * Counterirritant Martindale's 29th Cytochrome-P450-Inducer * Decongestant * Degranulant 0.3 ul/ml * Dentifrice Martindale's 29th Edemagenic inj * Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. FLavor FEMA 1-200 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Gastroprotective * Gram(+)icide * Gram(-)icide * Hepatotonic * Herbicide IC50=78 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Hypotensive * Inflammatory inj * Insectifuge * Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Neurotoxic * P450-Inducer * Pediculicide 2.3 x pyrethrin * Perfume Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Rubefacient Martindale's 29th Secretogogue * Sedative * Spasmogenic * Surfactant * Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer * Transdermal * Trichomonicide LD100=1,000 ug/ml *
0	1-OCTEN-3-OL	Shoot	195.0	580.0	1.96	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
28	ALPHA-PINENE	Shoot	156.0	696.0	-0.08	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allelochemic * Allergenic * Antiacne * Antibacterial * Antifeedant * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg * Antipneumonic * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Coleoptophile * Expectorant Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp. FLavor FEMA 15-150 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide IC50=30 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly * Insectifuge 50 ppm * Insectiphile J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM * Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Sedative Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Spasmogenic * Tranquilizer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Transdermal *
23	ALPHA-TERPINEOL	Shoot	1.0	696.0	0.43	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity) * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Antiacne * Antibacterial MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticariogenic MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Antiinflammatory * Antiproliferant * Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Cicatrizant ED50=240 ug/g mus * FLavor FEMA 5-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insecticide 1.29 uM/fly * Interleukin-6-Inhibitor * Mosquitofuge > Deet * Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Termiticide IC100=5 mg/g * Transdermal * Vulnerary ED50=240 ug/g mus *
13	BETA-PINENE	Shoot	117.0	290.0	-0.10	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allergenic * Antiinflammatory * Antiseptic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antispasmodic * Candidicide * FLavor FEMA 15-600 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Spasmogenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Transdermal *
35	BORNEOL	Shoot	78.0	116.0	-0.29	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
(-)-Chronotropic 29 ug/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (-)-Inotropic 29 ug/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Allelochemic * Analgesic * Antiacetylcholine Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Antibacterial MIC=125-250 ug/ml * Antibronchitic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiescherichic MIC=125 ug/ml * Antifeedant * Antiinflammatory * Antiotitic * Antipyretic * Antisalmonella MIC=125 ug/ml * Antispasmodic ED50=0.008 mg/ml * Antistaphylococcic MIC=250 ug/ml * Antiyeast MIC=250 ug/ml * Candidicide MIC=250 ug/ml * Choleretic * CNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. CNS-Toxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. FLavor FEMA<1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Hepatoprotective * Herbicide IC50=470 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Herbicide IC50=470 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Inhalant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insect-Repellent * Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sedative Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer) Tranquilizer *
41	CAMPHOR	Shoot	78.0	116.0	-0.15	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allelopathic * Analgesic * Anesthetic * Antiacne Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Antidiarrheic 500 ug/ml Wealth of India. Antidysenteric 500 ug/ml Wealth of India. Antiemetic 100-200 mg man orl Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antifeedant IC50=5,000 ppm diet Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Antifibrositic Martindale's 28th Antineuralgic Martindale's 28th Antipruritic Merck 11th Edition Antiseptic Merck 11th Edition Antispasmodic ED50=0.075 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. CNS-Stimulant * Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Counterirritant Martindale's 28th Decongestant Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Deliriant Merck 11th Edition Ecbolic * Emetic * Epileptigenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Expectorant Martindale's 29th Fungicide ED50=2.7 mM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Herbicide IC50=3.3-180 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Insect-Repellent * Insectifuge * Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Occuloirritant * P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=7.89 uM * Pesticide * Respirainhibitor Merck 11th Edition Respirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Rubefacient * Stimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Transdermal * Verrucolytic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Vibriocide 500 ug/ml Wealth of India.
31	CARYOPHYLLENE	Shoot	1.0	1102.0	0.07	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor * Allergenic * Analgesic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Antiacne * Antiasthmatic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antibacterial * Anticariogenic MIC=>1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Antidermatitic * Antiedemic Shimizu,M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. Antifeedant 500 ppm Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Antiinflammatory IC50=100 uM Shimizu,M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. Antileishmanic * Antionychyotic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Antiproliferant * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Antitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992. Antiulcer Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Candidicide * FLavor FEMA 20-200 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Gastroprotective Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Insectifuge * Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Larvicide * Mosquitocide * Perfumery Merck 11th Edition Pesticide * Sedative * Termitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
0	CIS-ISOPULEGONE	Shoot	195.0	290.0	0.43	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
0	EO	Shoot	39000.0	58000.0	4.42	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
35	GERANIOL	Shoot	1911.0	2842.0	1.27	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allergenic * Anthelmintic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. Antibacterial MIC=64 ug/ml * Antibacterial MBC=800 ug/ml * Antibacterial MIC=400 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Anticancer (Pancreas) IC50=265 uM * Anticariogenic MIC=400 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Antimelanomic IC50=150 uM/l * Antisalmonella MIC=400 ug/ml * Antiseptic MIC=64 ug/ml * Antiseptic 400-800 ug/ml * Antiseptic 7 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Antispasmodic Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Nikiforov, A., Remberg, G., Raverdino, V. 1989. Headspace-Analysis and Aroma Compounds of Austrian Hay-Blossoms (Flores Graminis, Graminis Flos) used in Aromatherapy. J. Ess. Oil Res., 2: 185-191, 1990. Antitubercular MIC=64 ug/ml Antitumor Yu, S.G., Anderson, P.J., and Elson, C.E. 1995. Efficacy of B-Ionone in the Chemoprevention of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2144-2147. Antitumor (Pancreas) IC50=265 uM * Ascaricide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide * CNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. Embryotoxic * Emetic 3 x ipecac Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-97. Expectorant Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. FLavor FEMA 1-10 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide IC93=2 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Herbicide IC100-2,000 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insectifuge 50 ppm * Insectiphile Merck 11th Edition Mycobactericide MIC=64 ug/ml * Nematicide MLC=1,000 ug/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Nematicide IC86=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Perfumery Merck 11th Edition Pesticide * Sedative * Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml *
5	GERANYL-ACETATE	Shoot	1053.0	1566.0	2.84	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allergenic * FLavor FEMA 1-20 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insectiphile Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Sedative Jim Duke's personal files.
2	GERMACRENE-D	Shoot	39.0	464.0	-0.11	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Pesticide * Pheromone *
3	ISOMENTHONE	Shoot	390.0	580.0	-0.43	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.6 mM * Antioxidant * Antiradicular *
60	LIMONENE	Shoot	234.0	5800.0	2.62	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Acaricide LC100=8 uM * AChE-Inhibitor Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. Allelochemic * Allergenic 1/20th carene * Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM * Antiadenomic * Antialzheimeran? Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. Antiasthmatic * Antibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994. Anticancer * Antiesophagitic * Antifeedant * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Antiinflammatory * Antilithic * Antilymphomic * Antimetastatic (Stomach) * Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antiobesity * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Antitumor * Antitumor (Breast) * Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Pancreas) * Antitumor (Prostate) * Antitumor (Stomach) * Antiviral * Apoptotic * Bronchoprotectant * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidistat * Chemopreventive * Cholesterolytic * Detoxicant * Enterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. Expectorant * FLavor * Fungiphilic J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. Fungistat * GST-Inducer * Herbicide IC50=45 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Histaminic * Immunomodulator * Insecticide 0.37 uM/fly * Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Interleukin-6-Inhibitor * Irritant * Lipolytic * Myorelaxant 50 mg/kg * Nematicide IC=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. NO-Genic * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750 mg/kg (diet) * Ozone-Scavenger * P450-Inducer * Peristaltic * Pesticide * Photosensitizer Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Transdermal *
0	LINALOL	Shoot	26598.0	39556.0	6.96	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
30	MENTHONE	Shoot	234.0	20242.0	2.62	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Acaricide * Allelopathic * Analgesic * Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.4 mM * Antiaggregant IC50=750 * Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antibacillary MIC=1.25 mg/ml * Antibacterial MIC=0.625-5 mg/ml * Antiescherichic MIC=5 mg/ml * Antihistaminic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antilisteria MIC=1.25 mg/ml * Antisalmonella MIC=5 mg/ml * Antiseptic 2.25 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Antispasmodic ED50=0.044 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Antistaphylococcic MIC=0.625-2.5 mg/ml * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide MIC=2.5 mg/ml * Cerebrotoxic orl man J. Aromatherapy 4: 24. Culicide LC50=156-194 mg/l * FLavor FEMA 5-50 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Insecticide LC50=156-194 mg/l * Larvicide LC50=156-194 mg/l * Mutagenic * Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Psychoactive * Sedative Ortiz de Urbina, A.V., Martin, M.L., Montero, M.J., Moran, A., and San Roman, L. 1988. Sedating and Antipyretic Activity of the Essential Oil of Calamintha sylvatica subsp. Ascendens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 25: 165-171, 1989. Trichomonicide LD100=600 ug/ml
20	METHYL-EUGENOL	Shoot	--	--	--	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Anesthetic * Antibacterial Internat. J. Oriental Med. 15(4): 199, 1990+ Anticonvulsant * Antidote (Strychnine) * Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antioxidant EC50=100 ul/l * Antiradicular EC50=100 ul/l * Antiseptic * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carcinogenic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. FLavor FEMA 5-15 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Fungistat 100 ug/ml Laekeman, G.M., Van Hoof, L., Haemers, A., Vanden Berghe, D.A., Herman, A.G., and Vlietinck, A.J. Eugenol a Valuable Compound for In Vitro Experimental Research and Worthwhile for Further In Vivo Investigation. Phytotherapy Research 4(3): 93, 1990. Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Myorelaxant Fitoterapia No.61: 254, 1990. Narcotic * Nematicide MIC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Sedative *
22	MYRCENE	Shoot	273.0	406.0	0.12	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. Allergenic * Analgesic Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991. Antibacterial * Anticonvulsant * Antimutagenic Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991. Antinitrosaminic * Antinociceptive 10-20 mg/kg ipr mus Rao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990. Antinociceptive 20-40 mg/kg scu mus Rao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990. Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files. Antispasmodic Jim Duke's personal files. Chemopreventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. FLavor FEMA 0.5-9 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Hypothermic * Insectifuge * Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Myorelaxant 100-200 mg/kg * P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.14 uM * Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide *
16	P-CYMENE	Shoot	39.0	58.0	-0.46	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Analgesic Martindale's 28th Antiacetylcholinesterase IC40=1.2 mM * Antibacillary * Antibacterial * Antiflu * Antirheumatalgic Martindale's 28th Antiviral * FLavor FEMA 12-250 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Herbicide IC50=50 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Laxative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Pesticide * Sedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Trichomonicide LD100=50 ug/ml *

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides (Lamiaceae)

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