Plant Mentha x rotundifolia (Lamiaceae)
Download a full report in PDF format
Common name(s)
Applemint
How used
GRAS
Data Views
# Activity | Chemical Name | Part | Low PPM | High PPM | StdDev | *Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (+)-PIPERITENONE-OXIDE | Leaf | 8.0 | 8510.0 | 0.22 | * |
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=64 ug/ml
*
|
||||||
4 | (+)-PULEGONE | Leaf | -- | 170.0 | -1.09 | * |
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=136 ug/ml
*
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=0.9 mM
*
Irritant ZEB
*
Perfumery ZEB
*
|
||||||
0 | (-)-CARVONE | Leaf | 240.0 | 4000.0 | -1.41 | * |
0 | (-)-LIMONENE | Leaf | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
0 | 1,2-EPOXY-(1S,2S,3R,4S)-MENTHOL-ACETATE | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
0 | 1,2-EPOXY-NEOMENTHOL-ACETATE | Leaf | 6.0 | 7390.0 | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
2 | ALLO-CYMENE | Shoot | 6.0 | 100.0 | -- | * |
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity)
*
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity)
Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
|
||||||
11 | ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | Leaf | 16.0 | 280.0 | -0.12 | * |
Antibacterial
Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
Antistaphylococcic
Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
Dermal
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Emetic
*
FLavor FEMA 10-130
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide
Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Insectiphile
Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.
Irritant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Laxative
*
Perfumery
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
*
|
||||||
28 | ALPHA-PINENE | Leaf | 4.0 | 430.0 | -0.20 | * |
Allelochemic
*
Allergenic
*
Antiacne
*
Antibacterial
*
Antifeedant
*
Antiflu
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg
*
Antipneumonic
*
Antiseptic
*
Antispasmodic
*
Antistaphylococcic
*
Antiviral
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Coleoptophile
*
Expectorant
Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp.
FLavor FEMA 15-150
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Herbicide IC50=30 uM
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly
*
Insectifuge 50 ppm
*
Insectiphile
J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986.
Irritant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM
*
Perfumery
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
*
Sedative
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.
Spasmogenic
*
Tranquilizer
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.
Transdermal
*
|
||||||
101 | APIGENIN | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
11B-HSD-Inhibitor
*
AntiADD
*
Antiaflatoxin IC50=9.52 uM
*
Antiaflatoxin IC50=2.57 ppm
*
Antiaggregant
*
Antiaging
*
Antiallergic
Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antiangiogenic 4 uM
*
Antiarrhythmic
*
Antibacterial
Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature 1978-1988, Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.
Anticancer (Lung)
*
Anticomplementary
*
Antidermatitic
Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
Antiestrogenic
Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antiherpetic 20-54 ug/ml
*
Antihistaminic IC50=10-35 uM
*
AntiHIV IC50=143 ug/ml
*
AntiHIV IC72=200 ug/ml
*
Antiinflammatory IC~65=1,000 uM
*
Antiinflammatory #NAME?
*
Antileukemic 20-50 uM
*
Antimelanomic 1-50 uM
*
Antimetastatic 1-50 uM
*
Antimutagenic ID50=0.55 ug/ml
*
Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.
Antioxidant 1.5 x Vit. E
*
Antioxidant IC28.5=62.5 ug/ml
*
Antiperistaltic
*
Antiproliferant IC50=155 uM
*
Antiproliferant 1-50 uM
*
Antispasmodic EC50=1-5 uM
*
Antistress 10 mg/kg
*
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitumor 1-50 uM
*
Antitumor (Breast) 1-50 uM
*
Antitumor (Lung)
*
Antitumor (Skin)
*
Antiviral 20-54 ug/ml
*
Anxiolytic 10 mg/kg
*
Apoptotic 12-60 uM
*
Aromatase-Inhibitor IC65=1 uM/l
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999.
Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uM
*
Calcium-Antagonist?
Biochimica & Biophysica Acta, 1115: 69, 1991.
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Choleretic
*
CNS-Depressant
*
COX-1-Inhibitor IC65=1,000 uM
*
COX-2-Inhibitor <40 uM
*
COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=<15 uM
*
COX-2-Inhibitor IC>65=1,000 uM
*
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor
*
Cytochrome-P450-1A1-Inhibitor
*
Cytotoxic 1-50 uM
*
Cytotoxic IC50=9.5 uM
*
Cytotoxic IC88=10 ug/ml
Planta Medica, 57: A113, 1991.
Deiodinase-Inhibitor
Jim Duke's personal files.
Differentiator MIC=30 uM
*
Differentiator IC40=40 uM
*
Diuretic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
DNA-Protective
*
Estrogenic 16% genistein
*
Estrogenic EC50=1 uM
*
Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999.
HIF-1alpha-Inhibitor
*
Hyaluronidase-Inhibitor IC50+=50-250 uM
*
Hypotensive
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ICAM-1-Inhibitor
*
IKK-Inhibitor
*
iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15 uM
*
Inotropic
*
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor
*
MAO-Inhibitor
*
MAPK-Inhibitor
*
Musculotropic
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Mutagenic
*
Myorelaxant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor
*
NF-kB-Inhibitor
*
NO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uM
*
Nodulation-Signal
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
*
P21-Inducer 10-70 uM
*
Pesticide
*
PKC-Inhibitor IC50=10 uM
*
Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor
*
Progestational
*
Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor IC50=10-40 uM
*
PTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uM
*
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 20 uM
Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in Murine Hepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.
Radioprotective
*
Sedative 30-100 mg/kg
*
Sunscreen
*
TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.27 uM
*
Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor
Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health, 14: 223-237.
Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC28=18 uM
*
Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor 50 ug/ml
Azuma, Y., Onishi, Y., Sato, Y., Kizaki, H. 1995. Effects of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors With Different Modes of Action on Topoisomerase Activity and Death of IL-2-Dependent CTLL-2-Cells. J Biochemistry, 118: 312-318.
Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC45=180 uM
*
Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999.
Vasodilator
*
VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7 uM
*
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor 0.36 uM
*
|
||||||
13 | BETA-PINENE | Leaf | 9.0 | 330.0 | 0.06 | * |
Allergenic
*
Antiinflammatory
*
Antiseptic
Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Antispasmodic
*
Candidicide
*
FLavor FEMA 15-600
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Herbicide
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insectifuge
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Irritant
Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Perfumery
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
*
Spasmogenic
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Transdermal
*
|
||||||
0 | BORNEOL-ACETATE | Leaf | 25.0 | 420.0 | -- | * |
102 | CAFFEIC-ACID | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity)
Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.
Allergenic
*
Analgesic
*
Antiadenoviral
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antiaggregant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiaging
*
Antiatherogenic
*
Antibacterial
*
Anticancer
*
Anticarcinogenic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antidepressant
*
Antiedemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)
*
Antielastase IC50=93 um/l
*
Antiescherichic
*
Antiflu
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antigonadotropic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antihemolytic 25 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus
*
Antihepatotoxic
*
Antiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/ml
*
Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml
*
Antihistaminic
*
AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml
*
Antihypercholesterolemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antihyperthyroid
*
Antiinflammatory
*
AntiLegionella
*
Antileukemic
Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antileukotriene
*
Antimelanogenic
*
Antimutagenic
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
Antinitrosaminic
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
Antiophidic
*
Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin
*
Antioxidant 50 uM
*
Antioxidant 1/2 BHA
*
Antioxidant IC57=30 ppm
*
Antioxidant 30 mM
*
Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E
*
Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/ml
*
Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml
*
Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM
Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
Antiproliferant
Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antiprostaglandin
*
Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin
*
Antiradicular 30 mM
*
Antiradicular 10 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antiradicular IC50=32-35 uM
*
Antiseptic
*
Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM
Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.
Antistaphylococcic
*
Antistomatitic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antisunburn
*
Antithiamin
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus
*
Antitumor (Skin)
*
Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM
Cancer Research, 48: 5941.
Antiulcerogenic
*
Antivaccinia
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml
*
Anxiolytic
*
Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt
*
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carcinogenic 2% (diet)
*
Chemopreventive
*
Cholagogue
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Choleretic
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Clastogenic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
CNS-Active
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Co-carcinogenic
*
Collagen-Sparing
*
COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM
*
Cytoprotective
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml
*
Diuretic
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
DNA-Active
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
DNA-Protective
*
Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml
*
Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol)
*
Hepatoprotective
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.
Hepatotropic
*
Histamine-Inhibitor
*
Immunostimulant
*
Insectifuge
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
Leukotriene-Inhibitor
*
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM
Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM
*
Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM
*
Metal-Chelator
McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
Pesticide
*
Prooxidant
*
Prostaglandigenic
*
Sedative 500 mg
*
Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Tumorigenic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Vulnerary
*
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM
Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh.
|
||||||
28 | CALCIUM | Leaf | -- | 16300.0 | -0.15 | CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses |
Antiallergic 500 mg/day
*
Antianxiety
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg
*
Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day
*
Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day
Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day
*
Antidepressant
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antidote (Aluminum)
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antidote (Lead)
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antihyperkinetic
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antihypertensive
*
Antiinsomniac
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/day
*
Antiobesity
*
Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day
*
Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day
Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
AntiPMS 1 g/day
*
Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day
*
Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day
*
Antitic
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/day
*
Calcium-Channel-Blocker
*
Diuretic
*
Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day
Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Hypotensive 1 g/day
Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg
*
Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day
*
Vasodilator
*
|
||||||
9 | CAMPHENE | Leaf | 0.0 | 20.0 | -0.19 | * |
Allelopathic
Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
Antilithic?
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antioxidant
Jim Duke's personal files.
Expectorant
Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
FLavor FEMA 15-175
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Hypocholesterolemic?
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Insectifuge
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
*
Spasmogenic
Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
|
||||||
19 | CARVONE | Leaf | 260.0 | 5000.0 | 0.74 | * |
Allergenic
*
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.4-1.8 mM
*
Antiproliferative
*
Antiseptic 1.5 x phenol
Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidistat
*
Carminative
Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
CNS-Stimulant
*
FLavor FEMA 80-3,000
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungistat
*
Insecticide
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Insectifuge
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Motor-Depressant
Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml
Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Perfumery
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
*
Sedative
Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml
*
Vermicide
*
|
||||||
0 | CINEOLE | Leaf | 4.0 | 120.0 | -0.93 | * |
53 | CITRAL | Shoot | 9.0 | 150.0 | 1.00 | * |
Allergenic
*
Antiallergenic
*
Antiallergic
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Antianaphylactic
*
Antibacterial
*
Anticancer
*
Antihelicobacter
*
Antiherpetic
*
Antihistaminic
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Antiinflammatory
*
Antileishmanic
*
Antioxidant
*
Antiseptic 5.2 x phenol
*
Antishock
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Antispasmodic
*
Antitumor
*
Antitumor (Colon)
*
Antitumor (Liver)
*
Antitumor (Skin)
*
Antiulcer
*
Antiviral
*
Apoptotic
*
Barbituate-Synergist
*
Bronchorelaxant
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Calcium-Antagonist
*
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carcinogenic
*
Caspase-3-Inducer
*
Chemopreventive
*
Cytotoxic
*
Estrogenic
*
Expectorant
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
FLavor FEMA 4-170
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide MIC 625 ug/ml
*
Glaucomagenic
*
Glutathionigenic
*
Herbicide IC50=115 uM
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Myorelaxant 200 mg/kg
*
Nematicide IC52=100 ug/ml
Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Nematicide MLC=100-260 ug/ml
Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
NF-kB-Inhibitor
*
NO-Inhibitor
*
P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.19 uM
*
Perfumery
Merck 11th Edition
Pesticide
*
Prostatitigenic 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms
*
Sedative ED 1-32 mg/kg
Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)
Sedative 1 mg/kg
*
Teratogenic
*
Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml
*
Trypanocide
*
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1.5 mM
*
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1,500 uM
*
|
||||||
7 | CYANIDIN | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
Allelochemic IC90=1 mM
Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Antioxidant 4.4 x Vit. E
*
Antioxidant ID50=3.5-22 uM
*
Metal-Chelator (Copper)
*
Pesticide
*
Pigment
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Prooxidant
*
|
||||||
9 | DELPHINIDIN | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
Allelochemic IC81=1 mM
Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Allergenic
*
Antioxidant ID50=0.7-2.4 uM
*
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Metal-Chelator (Copper)
*
NO-Inhibitor IC78=250 uM
*
Pesticide
*
Pigment
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Prooxidant
*
|
# Activity | Chemical Name | Part | Low PPM | High PPM | StdDev | *Reference |
---|
# Chemical | Activity Name | *Reference |
---|---|---|
![]() |
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.