Magnolia kobus | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Hsin-I, Xin-Yi

How used

Medicinal

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Activities: 471

Chemicals w/Activities: 28

All Chemicals: 38

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
0	16-HENTRIACONTANOL	Seed	--	--	--	*
0	16-HENTRIACONTANONE	Seed	--	--	--	*
28	ALPHA-PINENE	Flower	--	--	--	*
Allelochemic * Allergenic * Antiacne * Antibacterial * Antifeedant * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg * Antipneumonic * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Coleoptophile * Expectorant Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp. FLavor FEMA 15-150 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide IC50=30 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly * Insectifuge 50 ppm * Insectiphile J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM * Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Sedative Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Spasmogenic * Tranquilizer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Transdermal *
36	ANETHOLE	Leaf Essent. Oil	--	--	--	*
Allergenic * Antibacterial MBC=200 ug/ml * Antigenotoxic 40-400 mg/kg orl mus * Antihepatotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiinflammatory * AntiNF-kB * Antioxidant * Antiradicular * Antisalmonella MIC=200 ug/ml * Antiseptic 200 ug/ml * Antispasmodic * AntiTNF * Antitumor * Antiyeast * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide * Carminative Merck 11th Edition Dermatitigenic * Digestive Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp. Estrogenic Australian J. Med Herbalism, 7: 29. Expectorant Martindale's 29th Fungicide Wolf, R.B. Effects Of p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde From Star Anise And Related Cinnamic Acid Derivatives On Velvetleaf Germination. Journal of Natural Products, 49(1): 156-158, 1986. Gastrostimulant * Hepatotoxic 695 mg/kg orl mus/days Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Immunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124. Insecticide Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Lactagogue * Leucocytogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124. Mutagenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Nephroprotective Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol. 1996. Pesticide * Secretogogue Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Secretolytic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Sweetener 13 x sucrose * Sympathomimetic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
2	ARSENIC	Flower	--	0.6	0.99	*
Anorexic Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications. Pesticide *
47	BETA-SITOSTEROL	Seed	--	--	--	*
Androgenic * Angiogenic * Anorexic Martindale's 28th Antiadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Anticancer (Cervix) * Anticancer (Lung) * Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl * Antiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiinflammatory * Antileukemic * Antilymphomic * Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml * Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. Antioxidant IC44=10 uM * Antiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks * Antiprostatadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man * Antipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antitumor (Cervix) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991. Apoptotic * Artemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Caspase-8-Inducer * Estrogenic * Febrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Hepatoprotective * Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl Martindale's 30th Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl Martindale's 28th Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day * Pesticide * Spermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat *
102	CAFFEIC-ACID	Plant	--	--	--	*
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110. Allergenic * Analgesic * Antiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiaging * Antiatherogenic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Anticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antidepressant * Antiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antielastase IC50=93 um/l * Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM) * Antiescherichic * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files. Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus * Antihepatotoxic * Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml * Antiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/ml * Antihistaminic * AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml * Antihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antihyperthyroid * Antiinflammatory * AntiLegionella * Antileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antileukotriene * Antimelanogenic * Antimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18. Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18. Antiophidic * Antioxidant 1/2 BHA * Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin * Antioxidant 30 mM * Antioxidant 50 uM * Antioxidant IC57=30 ppm * Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E * Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991. Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/ml * Antiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antiprostaglandin * Antiradicular IC50=32-35 uM * Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin * Antiradicular 30 mM * Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antiseptic * Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73. Antistaphylococcic * Antistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antisunburn * Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69. Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files. Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus * Antitumor (Skin) * Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941. Antiulcerogenic * Antivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml * Anxiolytic * Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carcinogenic 2% (diet) * Chemopreventive * Cholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. CNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Co-carcinogenic * Collagen-Sparing * COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM * Cytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml * Diuretic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. DNA-Active Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. DNA-Protective * Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml * Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol) * Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210. Hepatotropic * Histamine-Inhibitor * Immunostimulant * Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. Leukotriene-Inhibitor * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM * Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19. Pesticide * Prooxidant * Prostaglandigenic * Sedative 500 mg * Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files. Vulnerary Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.
28	CALCIUM	Flower	--	8040.0	0.63	*
Antiallergic 500 mg/day * Antianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg * Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day * Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihypertensive * Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antiobesity * Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day * Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. AntiPMS 1 g/day * Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day * Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day * Antitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/day * Calcium-Channel-Blocker * Diuretic * Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg * Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day * Vasodilator *
2	CAMPESTEROL	Seed	--	--	--	*
Antioxidant IC37=10 uM * Hypocholesterolemic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
41	CAMPHOR	Flower	--	--	--	*
Allelopathic * Analgesic * Anesthetic * Antiacne Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Antidiarrheic 500 ug/ml Wealth of India. Antidysenteric 500 ug/ml Wealth of India. Antiemetic 100-200 mg man orl Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antifeedant IC50=5,000 ppm diet Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Antifibrositic Martindale's 28th Antineuralgic Martindale's 28th Antipruritic Merck 11th Edition Antiseptic Merck 11th Edition Antispasmodic ED50=0.075 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. CNS-Stimulant * Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Counterirritant Martindale's 28th Decongestant Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Deliriant Merck 11th Edition Ecbolic * Emetic * Epileptigenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Expectorant Martindale's 29th Fungicide ED50=2.7 mM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Herbicide IC50=3.3-180 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Insect-Repellent * Insectifuge * Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Occuloirritant * P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=7.89 uM * Pesticide * Respirainhibitor Merck 11th Edition Respirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Rubefacient * Stimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Transdermal * Verrucolytic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Vibriocide 500 ug/ml Wealth of India.
3	CAPRIC-ACID	Flower	--	--	--	*
Fungicide * Irritant * Pesticide *
0	CINEOLE	Flower	--	--	--	*
53	CITRAL	Leaf Essent. Oil	--	--	--	*
Allergenic * Antiallergenic * Antiallergic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antianaphylactic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Antihelicobacter * Antiherpetic * Antihistaminic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antiinflammatory * Antileishmanic * Antioxidant * Antiseptic 5.2 x phenol * Antishock Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antispasmodic * Antitumor * Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Liver) * Antitumor (Skin) * Antiulcer * Antiviral * Apoptotic * Barbituate-Synergist * Bronchorelaxant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Calcium-Antagonist * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carcinogenic * Caspase-3-Inducer * Chemopreventive * Cytotoxic * Estrogenic * Expectorant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. FLavor FEMA 4-170 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide MIC 625 ug/ml * Glaucomagenic * Glutathionigenic * Herbicide IC50=115 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Myorelaxant 200 mg/kg * Nematicide IC52=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Nematicide MLC=100-260 ug/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. NF-kB-Inhibitor * NO-Inhibitor * P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.19 uM * Perfumery Merck 11th Edition Pesticide * Prostatitigenic 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms * Sedative 1 mg/kg * Sedative ED 1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Teratogenic * Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml * Trypanocide * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1.5 mM * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1,500 uM *
12	COPPER	Flower	--	16.0	0.28	*
Antianemic * Antiarthritic * Antidiabetic 2-4 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antifatigue * Antiinflammatory Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antinociceptive Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiosteoporotic * Cardioprotective * Contraceptive Martindale's 28th Hypocholesterolemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Immunomodulator * Schizophrenigenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
0	CYANIDIN-GLYCOSIDE	Flower	--	--	--	*
0	CYANIDIN-GLYCOSIDE	Fruit	--	--	--	*
76	EUGENOL	Flower	--	--	--	*
Acaricide LD50=5.47 ug/sq cm cf DEET at 37.59 ug/sq cm * Allergenic * Analgesic Merck 11th Edition Anesthetic 200-400 Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. Antiaggregant IC50=0.3 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. Antiarachidonate * Antibacterial 500 ppm Valnet, J. 1982. The Practice of Aromatherapy. Translated from the 1980 French Edition by Robin Campbell and Libby Houston. Destiny Books, New York. 279 pp. Antibacterial MBC=400 ug/ml * Anticonvulsant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiedemic 100 Phytotherapy Research, 4: 95. Antiestrogenic * Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antigenotoxic 50-500 mg/kg orl mus * Antiherpetic IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml * Antiinflammatory (11 uM) IC~97=1,000 uM * Antikeratotic IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml * Antimitotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antinitrosating * Antioxidant IC65=30 ppm * Antioxidant 10 uM * Antiprostaglandin IC50=9.2 mM * Antiprostaglandin 11 uM * Antipyretic 3 ml/man/day * Antiradicular EC50=2 ul/l * Antisalmonella MIC=400 ug/ml * Antiseptic 400 ug/ml * Antiseptic 3 ml/man/day * Antispasmodic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antistaphylococcic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Antithromboxane Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jul-87. AntiTNF * Antitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992. Antiulcer * Antiviral IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml * Apifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Calcium-Antagonist IC50=224 uM * Calcium-Antagonist IC50=200 uM gpg * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. Carcinogenic? Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Choleretic * CNS-Depressant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. COX-1-Inhibitor IC97=1,000 uM * COX-2-Inhibitor IC>97=1,000 uM * COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=129 uM * Cytochrome-P450-Inhibitor Pizzorno, J. 1998. Total Wellness. Prima Health, a division of Prima. Cytotoxic 25 ug/ml Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. Dermatitigenic * Enterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. FLavor FEMA 10-500 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Hepatoprotective 100 ppm * Herbicide * Insecticide * Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Irritant * Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Larvicide * Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Nematicide MLC=2,000 ug/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Neurotoxic R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 1 mM rbt Chen, S. J., Wang, M. H., Chen, I. J. 1996. Antiplatelet and Calcium Inhibitory Properties of Eugenol and Sodium Eugenol Acetate. Gen Pharmacol, 27(4): 629-633. Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor IC50=9.2 uM * Sedative * Termiticide LD100=5 mg/g * Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml * Trichomonistat IC50=10 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Trypsin-Enhancer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-93. Ulcerogenic Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. Varroacide * Vasodilator * Vermifuge *
6	IRON	Flower	--	320.0	1.00	*
Antiakathisic Martindale's 29th Antianemic Martindale's 29th Anticanker * Anticheilitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenorrhagic 100 mg/day/wmn/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Prooxidant *
75	KAEMPFEROL	Plant	--	--	--	*
11B-HSD-Inhibitor * 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=20 * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM Oliveira, T. T., Nagem, T. J., Miranda, L. C. G., Paula, V. F., Teixeira, M. A. 1997. Inhibitory Action on Aldose Reductase by Soybean Flavonoids. J Braz Chem Soc, 8(3): 211-213. Antiaflatoxin IC50=8.73 uM * Antiaflatoxin IC50=3.28 ppm * Antiaggregant 30 uM * Antiallergic * Antibacterial 20 ug/ml * Anticancer * Antifertility 250 mg/kg/day/60 days/orl rat Kumar, P., Dixit, V.P., and Khanna, P. Antifertility Studies of Kaempferol: Isolation and Identification from Tissue Culture of some Medicinally Important Plant Species. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 23: 193-201, 1989. Antigingivitic 20 ug/ml Antiherpetic 23-92 ug/ml Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture. Comparison With The Antiviral Activity Of Propolis. J. of Natural Products 55(12):1732-1740, 1992. Antihistaminic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antiimplantation * Antiinflammatory 20 mg/kg * Antiinflammatory 200 mg/kg ipr rat * Antileukemic IC50=3.1 ug/ml Life Sciences 55: 1061. Antilymphocytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Antioxidant 3/4 quercetin * Antioxidant IC50=1.2 ug/ml * Antioxidant IC50=40 uM * Antiperiodontic 20 ug/ml * Antiplaque 20 ug/ml * Antiradicular 7 x quercetin * Antiseptic 20 ug/ml * Antiserotonin 200 mg/kg ipr rat * Antispasmodic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antistaphylococcic * Antitumor * Antitumor-Promoter Yasukawa, K., Takido, M., Takeuchi, M., Sato, Y., Nitta, K., and Nakagawa, S. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Flavonol Glycosides on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Tumor Promotion. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 774-776, 1990. Antiulcer 50-200 mg/kg ipr rat * Antiviral 23-92 ug/ml * Apoptotic 60 uM * Aromatase-Inhibitor IC12=1 uM/l Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999. cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carcinogenic Hutchings, A, Scott, AH, Lewis, G, and Cunningham, A. 1996. Zulu Medicinal Plants. An inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 450 pp. Choleretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Copper-Chelator * COX-2-Inhibitor * Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20 * Cytotoxic * Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90. Diuretic * Estrogenic EC50=0.56 uM * Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999. Fungicide 20 ug/ml Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations. Hepatoprotective IC50=5.46 uM * Hepatoprotective IC50=1.30 ppm * HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=50-150 ug/ml Garcia, J., Morin,* C., Nyasse, B., Sondengam, B-L., Tchouankeu, J-C., and Tsamo, E. Complete Structural Assignments Of An Ergosterol Derivative From Entandrophragma utile. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 136-142, 1991. Hypotensive * ICAM-1-Inhibitor * iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15 uM * iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=13.9 uM * Inotropic * Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. JNK-Inhibitor * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. MAO-Inhibitor * Mutagenic * Natriuretic * Neuroprotective * NO-Inhibitor IC50=13.9 uM * PAF-Inhibitor * Pesticide * Protisticide Meckes, M., Calzada, F., Tapia-Contreras, A., Cedillo-Rivera, R. 1999. Antiprotozoal Properties of Helianthemum glomeratum. Phytotherapy Research, 13(2): 102-105. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uM * Teratologic * TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.99 uM * Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health, 14: 223-237. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.1 ug/ml Constantinou, A., Mehta, R., Runyan, C., Rao, K., Vaughan, A., Moon, R. 1995. Flavonoids as DNA Topoisomerase Antagonists and Poisons: Structure-Activity Relationships. J Natural Products, 58: 217-225. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=230 uM * Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999. Vasodilator *
0	KOBUSININ-A	Plant	--	--	--	*

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Magnolia kobus (Magnoliaceae)

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