Plant Lycopus virginicus (Lamiaceae)
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Common name(s)
Bugle
How used
GRAS
Data Views
# Activity | Chemical Name | Part | Low PPM | High PPM | StdDev | *Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
67 | 1,8-CINEOLE | Plant | 7.0 | 18.0 | -0.56 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
(-)-Chronotropic 87 nl/ml
Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
(-)-Inotropic 87 nl/ml
Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Acaricide LC100=6 uM
*
Allelopathic
*
Allergenic
*
Anesthetic
*
Anthelmintic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=41 ug/ml
*
Antiallergic
J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569.
Antibacterial 50 ppm
*
Antibronchitic
*
Anticariogenic
*
Anticatarrh
Martindale's 29th
Anticholinesterase IC50=50-70
*
Antifatigue
*
Antihalitosic
American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993.
Antiinflammatory
*
Antilaryngitic
*
Antinociceptive
*
Antipharyngitic
*
Antiplaque
*
Antirheumatic
*
Antirhinitic
*
Antiseptic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antisinusitic
*
Antispasmodic
*
Antistaphylococcic 50 ppm
*
Antitussive
*
Antiulcer
*
Candidicide
*
Carcinogenic
Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Choleretic
*
CNS-Stimulant
*
Convulsant
*
Counterirritant
Martindale's 29th
Cytochrome-P450-Inducer
*
Decongestant
*
Degranulant 0.3 ul/ml
*
Dentifrice
Martindale's 29th
Edemagenic inj
*
Expectorant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
FLavor FEMA 1-200
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide
*
Gastroprotective
*
Gram(+)icide
*
Gram(-)icide
*
Hepatotonic
*
Herbicide IC50=78 uM
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Hypotensive
*
Inflammatory inj
*
Insectifuge
*
Irritant
Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
Myorelaxant
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Nematicide
Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Neurotoxic
*
P450-Inducer
*
Pediculicide 2.3 x pyrethrin
*
Perfume
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
*
Rubefacient
Martindale's 29th
Secretogogue
*
Sedative
*
Spasmogenic
*
Surfactant
*
Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer
*
Transdermal
*
Trichomonicide LD100=1,000 ug/ml
*
|
||||||
28 | ALPHA-PINENE | Plant | 266.0 | 666.0 | -0.01 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Allelochemic
*
Allergenic
*
Antiacne
*
Antibacterial
*
Antifeedant
*
Antiflu
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg
*
Antipneumonic
*
Antiseptic
*
Antispasmodic
*
Antistaphylococcic
*
Antiviral
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Coleoptophile
*
Expectorant
Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp.
FLavor FEMA 15-150
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Herbicide IC50=30 uM
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly
*
Insectifuge 50 ppm
*
Insectiphile
J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986.
Irritant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM
*
Perfumery
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
*
Sedative
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.
Spasmogenic
*
Tranquilizer
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.
Transdermal
*
|
||||||
0 | BETA-BOURBONENE | Plant | 53.0 | 132.0 | 0.46 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
13 | BETA-PINENE | Plant | 199.0 | 498.0 | 0.10 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Allergenic
*
Antiinflammatory
*
Antiseptic
Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Antispasmodic
*
Candidicide
*
FLavor FEMA 15-600
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Herbicide
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insectifuge
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Irritant
Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Perfumery
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
*
Spasmogenic
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Transdermal
*
|
||||||
102 | CAFFEIC-ACID | Plant | -- | -- | -- | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity)
Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.
Allergenic
*
Analgesic
*
Antiadenoviral
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antiaggregant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiaging
*
Antiatherogenic
*
Antibacterial
*
Anticancer
*
Anticarcinogenic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antidepressant
*
Antiedemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antielastase IC50=93 um/l
*
Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)
*
Antiescherichic
*
Antiflu
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antigonadotropic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antihemolytic 25 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus
*
Antihepatotoxic
*
Antiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/ml
*
Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml
*
Antihistaminic
*
AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml
*
Antihypercholesterolemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antihyperthyroid
*
Antiinflammatory
*
AntiLegionella
*
Antileukemic
Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antileukotriene
*
Antimelanogenic
*
Antimutagenic
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
Antinitrosaminic
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
Antiophidic
*
Antioxidant 1/2 BHA
*
Antioxidant 30 mM
*
Antioxidant 50 uM
*
Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E
*
Antioxidant IC57=30 ppm
*
Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin
*
Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml
*
Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM
Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/ml
*
Antiproliferant
Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antiprostaglandin
*
Antiradicular 30 mM
*
Antiradicular IC50=32-35 uM
*
Antiradicular 10 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin
*
Antiseptic
*
Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM
Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.
Antistaphylococcic
*
Antistomatitic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antisunburn
*
Antithiamin
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus
*
Antitumor (Skin)
*
Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM
Cancer Research, 48: 5941.
Antiulcerogenic
*
Antivaccinia
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml
*
Anxiolytic
*
Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt
*
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carcinogenic 2% (diet)
*
Chemopreventive
*
Cholagogue
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Choleretic
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Clastogenic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
CNS-Active
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Co-carcinogenic
*
Collagen-Sparing
*
COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM
*
Cytoprotective
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml
*
Diuretic
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
DNA-Active
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
DNA-Protective
*
Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml
*
Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol)
*
Hepatoprotective
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.
Hepatotropic
*
Histamine-Inhibitor
*
Immunostimulant
*
Insectifuge
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
Leukotriene-Inhibitor
*
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM
*
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM
Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM
*
Metal-Chelator
McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
Pesticide
*
Prooxidant
*
Prostaglandigenic
*
Sedative 500 mg
*
Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Tumorigenic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Vulnerary
*
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM
Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh.
|
||||||
9 | CAMPHENE | Plant | 3.0 | 8.0 | -0.59 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Allelopathic
Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
Antilithic?
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antioxidant
Jim Duke's personal files.
Expectorant
Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
FLavor FEMA 15-175
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Hypocholesterolemic?
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Insectifuge
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
*
Spasmogenic
Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
|
||||||
31 | CARYOPHYLLENE | Plant | 30.0 | 80.0 | -0.47 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
*
Allergenic
*
Analgesic
Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.
Antiacne
*
Antiasthmatic
Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Antibacterial
*
Anticariogenic MIC=>1,600 ug/ml
Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Antidermatitic
*
Antiedemic
Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.
Antifeedant 500 ppm
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Antiinflammatory IC50=100 uM
Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.
Antileishmanic
*
Antionychyotic
Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.
Antiproliferant
*
Antispasmodic
*
Antistaphylococcic
*
Antistreptococcic
*
Antitumor
Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992.
Antiulcer
Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.
Candidicide
*
FLavor FEMA 20-200
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide
*
Gastroprotective
Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.
Insectifuge
*
Irritant
Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Larvicide
*
Mosquitocide
*
Perfumery
Merck 11th Edition
Pesticide
*
Sedative
*
Termitifuge
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
|
||||||
77 | CHLOROGENIC-ACID | Plant | -- | -- | -- | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=1.8 uM rat (strong activity)
Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, Kikkanols A, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.
Allelochemic
*
Allergenic
*
Analgesic
*
Antiatherosclerotic
*
Antibacterial
*
Anticancer (Colon)
*
Anticancer (Forestomach)
*
Anticancer (Liver)
*
Anticancer (Skin)
*
Anticarcinogenic
*
Antidiabetic
*
AntiEBV
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antifeedant
*
Antigenotoxic
*
Antigonadotropic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antihemolytic 10 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antihepatotoxic
*
Antiherpetic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.
Antihistaminic
*
AntiHIV
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antihypercholesterolemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antihyperthyroid
*
Antiinflammatory
Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
AntiLegionella
*
Antileukotriene
*
Antimelanogenic
*
Antimutagenic
*
Antinitrosaminic
*
Antioxidant IC50=54.2 uM
*
Antioxidant IC53=200 ppm
Huang, M-T., and Ferraro, T. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.2 p.21.
Antioxidant IC80=12 uM
*
Antiperoxidant IC50=36 uM
Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
Antipolio
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antiradicular 9 x quercetin
*
Antiradicular 10 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antiseptic
*
Antisunburn
*
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitumor
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antitumor (Colon)
*
Antitumor (Forestomach)
*
Antitumor (Liver)
*
Antitumor (Skin)
*
Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10 uM
*
Antiulcer
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antiviral
Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.
Autotoxic
*
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Cardioprotective
*
Chemopreventive
*
Cholagogue
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Choleretic
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Clastogenic
Friedman, M. and Dao, L. 1990. Effect of Autoclaving and Conventional and Microwave Baking on the Ergot Alkaloid and Chlorogenic Acid Contents of Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav. cv.) Heavenly Blue Seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 805-808.
CNS-Active
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
CNS-Stimulant 1/6 Caffeine
*
Collagen-Sparing
*
Diuretic
*
Fungicide
Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Hepatoprotective
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Histamine-Inhibitor
*
Hypoglycemic
*
Immunostimulant
*
Insectifuge
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
Interferonogenic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.
Juvabional
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Larvistat
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Leukotriene-Inhibitor
*
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC23=5 mM
Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
Metal-Chelator
McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.
NO-Genic
*
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
Oviposition-Stimulant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
*
Sunscreen
*
Sweetener
Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Vulnerary
*
|
||||||
0 | CIS-ISOPULEGONE | Plant | 2.0 | 4.0 | -1.00 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
9 | DELTA-CADINENE | Plant | 16.0 | 40.0 | -0.28 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
*
Antiacne
*
Antibacterial MIC800 ug/ml
Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Anticariogenic MIC800 ug/ml
Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Antistreptococcic
*
Cytochrome-P450-Inducer
*
P450-Inducer
*
Pesticide
*
Testosterone-Inducer
*
|
||||||
51 | ELLAGIC-ACID | Plant | -- | -- | -- | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
Abortifacient 1.2 mg/kg ivn mus
*
ACE-Inhibitor IC50=5 mM/l
*
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.2 ug/ml (strong activity)
*
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.2 uM
*
Antiaflatoxin
*
Antianaphylactic
*
Antibacterial 1,250 ug/ml
*
Antibacterial ID50=20 ug/ml
*
Anticancer (Cervix)
Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Anticancer (Colon)
Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Anticancer (Esophagus)
Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Anticancer (Mouth)
Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Anticariogenic ID50=20 ug/ml
*
Anticataract
Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active Components of a Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Para-parai mi,' Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.
Antigingivitic 1,250 ug/ml
*
AntiGTF ID50=20 ug/ml
*
AntiHIV IC90=200 ug/ml
Tan, G.T., Pezzuto, J.M., Kinghorn,* A.D., Hughes, S.H. Evaluation Of Natural Products As Inhibitors Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 143-154, 1991.
Antihyperthyroid
*
Antiinflammatory
*
Antimalarial IC50=0.5 uM
Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.
Antimutagenic
*
Antioxidant 2/3 quercetin
*
Antioxidant >50 x tocopherol
Osawa, T. Phenolic Antioxidants in Dietary Plants as Antimutagens.Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.11 p.142.
Antioxidant IC98=30 ppm
*
Antiperiodontic 1,250 ug/ml
*
Antiperoxidant IC50=29 uM
Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
Antiplaque 1,250 ug/ml
*
Antiplasmodial IC50=0.5 uM
Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.
Antiseptic 1,250 ug/ml
*
Antistreptococcic ID50=20 ug/ml
*
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitumor
*
Antiviral
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.
Antiyeast IC50=10.5 uM
*
Apoptotic
Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Astringent
Martindale's 29th
Cancer-Preventive 3 ppm
*
Candida-SAP-Inhibitor IC50=8.4 uM
*
Cytotoxic 4.6 ug/ml
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 359.
Deiodinase-Inhibitor
Jim Duke's personal files.
Detoxicant
*
Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=20 ug/ml
*
Hemostatic
Merck 11th Edition
Hepatoprotective IC55=30 ug/ml
Mayumi Ito (nee Someya), et al. 1990. Hepatoprotective Compounds from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2201-2203, 1990.
HIV-RT-Inhibitor
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.
Juvabional
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
*
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 0.4 g/kg rat
Ahn, D., Putt, D., Kresty, L., Stoner, G. D., Fromm, D., Hollenberg, P. F. 1996. The Effects of Dietary Ellagic Acid on Rat Hepatic and Esophageal Mucosal Cytochromes P450 and Phase II Enzymes. Carcinogenesis, 17(4): 821-828.
Sunscreen 0.50%
Jim Duke's personal files.
Topoisomerase-I-Antagonist
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 167.1999.
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=3.1 uM
Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
|
||||||
0 | EO | Plant | 800.0 | 2000.0 | -0.59 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
62 | GALLIC-ACID | Plant | -- | -- | -- | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
ACE-Inhibitor IC50=7.7 mM/l
*
Analgesic
*
Antiadenovirus
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.
Antiallergenic
Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.
Antianaphylactic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiangiogenic
*
Antiasthmatic
Watt, J.M., and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. 1962.
Antibacterial MIC=1,000 ug/ml
*
Antibronchitic
Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.
Anticancer
*
Anticarcinomic ED50=3
*
Antiescherichic
*
Antifibrinolytic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.
Antiflu
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.
Antihepatotoxic
Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.7 p.93.
Antiherpetic EC50=>10 ug/ml
*
AntiHIV
*
Antiinflammatory
Kroes, B.H., et al. 1991. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gallic Acid. Planta Medica, 58(6): 499.
Antileishmanic EC50=4.4 ug/ml
*
AntiMRSA
*
Antimutagenic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
Antinitrosaminic
*
Antioxidant IC44=33 ppm
*
Antioxidant 7 x quercetin
*
Antioxidant 2/3 BHA
*
Antiperiodontitic 10 ug/ml
*
Antiperoxidant IC50=69 uM
*
Antipolio
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.
Antiproteolytic 10 ug/ml
*
Antiradicular 7 x quercetin
*
Antiradicular IC50=4.9 uM
*
Antiseptic
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Antistaphylococcic MIC=1,000 ug/ml
*
Antitumor
*
Antitumor-Promoter
*
Antiviral
*
Apoptotic
*
Astringent
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Bacteristat
Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 198.
Bronchodilator
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidicide
*
Carcinogenic
*
Choleretic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor
*
Cytotoxic 500 uM
*
Floral-Inhibitor
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Gram(+)icide MIC=1,000 ug/ml
*
Gram(-)icide MIC=1,000 ug/ml
*
Hemostat
*
Hepatoprotective
Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Immunomodulator
*
Immunostimulant
McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82.
Immunosuppressant
*
Insulin-Sparing
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Myorelaxant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Nephrotoxic
Martindale's 29th
NO-Inhibitor IC-26=250 uM
*
Pesticide
*
Styptic
*
Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor
Hamada, S. I., Kataoka, T., Woo, J. T., Yamada, A., Yoshida, T., Nishimura, T., Otake, N., Nagai, K. 1997. Immunosuppressive Effects by Gallic Acid and Chebulagic Acid on CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Biol Pharm Bull, 20: 1017-1019.
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=24 uM
Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
|
||||||
0 | GAMMA-MUUROLENE | Plant | 5.0 | 12.0 | -0.60 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
2 | GERMACRENE-D | Plant | 52.0 | 130.0 | -0.31 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Pesticide
*
Pheromone
*
|
||||||
60 | LIMONENE | Plant | 10.0 | 26.0 | -0.47 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Acaricide LC100=8 uM
*
AChE-Inhibitor
Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Allelochemic
*
Allergenic 1/20th carene
*
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM
*
Antiadenomic
*
Antialzheimeran?
Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Antiasthmatic
*
Antibacterial
Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994.
Anticancer
*
Antiesophagitic
*
Antifeedant
*
Antiflu
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
Antiinflammatory
*
Antilithic
*
Antilymphomic
*
Antimetastatic (Stomach)
*
Antimutagenic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
Antiobesity
*
Antiseptic
*
Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml
Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
Antitumor
*
Antitumor (Breast)
*
Antitumor (Colon)
*
Antitumor (Pancreas)
*
Antitumor (Prostate)
*
Antitumor (Stomach)
*
Antiviral
*
Apoptotic
*
Bronchoprotectant
*
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidistat
*
Chemopreventive
*
Cholesterolytic
*
Detoxicant
*
Enterocontractant
J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.
Expectorant
*
FLavor
*
Fungiphilic
J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.
Fungistat
*
GST-Inducer
*
Herbicide IC50=45 uM
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Histaminic
*
Immunomodulator
*
Insecticide 0.37 uM/fly
*
Insectifuge
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor
*
Irritant
*
Lipolytic
*
Myorelaxant 50 mg/kg
*
Nematicide IC=100 ug/ml
Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
NO-Genic
*
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750 mg/kg (diet)
*
Ozone-Scavenger
*
P450-Inducer
*
Peristaltic
*
Pesticide
*
Photosensitizer
Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg
Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)
Transdermal
*
|
||||||
0 | LINALOL | Plant | 20.0 | 50.0 | -0.42 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
3 | LITHOSPERMIC-ACID | Plant | -- | -- | -- | * |
Antigonadotrophic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Cardiotonic
*
|
||||||
3 | LITHOSPERMIC-ACID | Root | -- | -- | -- | * |
Antigonadotrophic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Cardiotonic
*
|
||||||
0 | LYCOPIN | Plant | -- | -- | -- | Abstract (See species file) |
# Activity | Chemical Name | Part | Low PPM | High PPM | StdDev | *Reference |
---|
# Chemical | Activity Name | *Reference |
---|---|---|
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*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.