Gaultheria fragrantissima | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Indian Wintergreen

How used

Medicinal

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Activities: 142

Chemicals w/Activities: 4

All Chemicals: 5

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
47	BETA-SITOSTEROL	Leaf	--	--	--	=ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp
Androgenic * Angiogenic * Anorexic Martindale's 28th Antiadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Anticancer (Cervix) * Anticancer (Lung) * Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl * Antiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiinflammatory * Antileukemic * Antilymphomic * Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml * Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. Antioxidant IC44=10 uM * Antiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks * Antiprostatadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man * Antipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antitumor (Cervix) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991. Apoptotic * Artemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Caspase-8-Inducer * Estrogenic * Febrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Hepatoprotective * Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl Martindale's 30th Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl Martindale's 28th Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day * Pesticide * Spermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat *
0	EO	Shoot	1200.0	12000.0	0.16	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
30	HYPEROSIDE	Leaf	--	--	--	=ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Analgesic * Antiaging * Antibacterial MIC=250-500 ug/ml Planta Medica, 57: A43, 1991. Anticancer * Anticapillary-Fragility Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Antidermatitic * Antielastase IC50=0.15 ug/ml * Antiflu Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. Antihepatotoxic Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Antiinflammatory 1/4 indomethacin Planta Medica, 57: A131, 1991. Antiischemic * Antinociceptive * Antioxidant IC50=4.6 uM * Antiradicular * Antitussive * Antiviral * Antiwrinkle * Calcium-Antagonist * cAMP-Inhibitor IC50=0.14 mg/ml Schussler, M., Fricke, U., Nikolov, N., and Holzl, J. 1991. Comparison of the Flavonoids Occurring in Crataegus species and Inhibition of 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase. Plant Medica 57: Suppl Issue 2. p.A-133. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Capillarifortificant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Capillarigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Cyclooxygenase-Activator 100 uM Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Diuretic * Hepatoprotective IC80=30 ug/ml Mayumi Ito (nee Someya), et al. 1990. Hepatoprotective Compounds from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2201-2203, 1990. Hypotensive ivn dog * Pesticide * Tissue-Thromboplastin-Inhibitor IC50=20.8 uM * Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor *
21	METHYL-SALICYLATE	Shoot	1150.0	11890.0	1.73	*
Allergenic Martindale's 28th Analgesic * Anaphrodisiac * Antiinflammatory Planta Medica, 56(6): 660, 1990. Antioxidant * Antipyretic * Antiradicular O'Connell, M.J., Webster, N.R. 1989. Hyperoxia and salicylate metabolism in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 205-206, 1990. Antirheumatalgic Martindale's 28th Antiseptic * Antitartar * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carminative * Counterirritant Merck 11th Edition Dentifrice Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry FLavor FEMA 70-8,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Herpetifuge * Insectifuge Hardie, J., Isaacs, R., Pickett,* J.A., Wadhams, L.J., and Woodcock, C.M. 1994. Methyl Salicylate and (-)-(1R,5S)-Myrtenal are Plant-Derived Repellents for Black Bean Aphid, Aphis Fabae Scop. (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. of Chemical Ecology, 20(11):2847. Insectiphile * Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide *
89	URSOLIC-ACID	Leaf	--	--	--	=ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp
Analgesic * Antialzheimeran Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. Antiarrhythmic * Antiarthritic Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991. Antibacterial * Anticancer Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. Anticancer (Colon) Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. Anticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Anticholestatic 28-100 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. Anticomplement IC100 0.1 mM/l gpg Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Anticomplement IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpg Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books) AntiEBV Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Antiedemic * Antiescherichic * Antifibrosarcomic IC80=10 uM * Antihepatotoxic 5-20 mg/kg ipr Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. Antihistaminic Tsuruga, T., Chun, Y.-T., Ebizuka, Y., and Sankawa, U. 1991. Biologically Active Constituents of Melaleuca leucadendron: Inhibitors of Induced Histamine Release from Rat Mast Cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(12): 3276-3278, 1991. AntiHIV 6.7 uM * AntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095. AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095. AntiHIV IC85=18 ug/ml * Antihyperlipidemic * Antiinflammatory 1/3 indomethacin * Antiinflammatory IC24=500 mg/kg * Antileishmanic ED50=20 uM * Antileukemic IC50=2.5-17.8 ug/ml * Antilymphomic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Antimalarial IC50=28-37 ug/ml * Antimetastatic IC80=10 uM * Antimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kg * Antinephritic IC50=6-7.5 uM * Antiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4. Antioxidant IC50=10 uM * Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml * Antiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/ml * Antiproliferative IC50=15-20 uM * Antistaphylococcic * AntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5 uM * Antithromboxane IC50=50 uM * Antitrypanosomic * Antitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994. Antitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antitumor (Breast) 0.5% diet * Antitumor (Breast) IC50=15-20 uM * Antitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antitumor (Stomach) IC50=15-20 uM * Antitumor-Promoter Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991. Antiulcer Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. Antiviral IC85=18 ug/ml * Aromatase-Inhibitor * Beta-Blocker * Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide * Cardioprotective * Cardiotonic * Choleretic 5-20 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. CNS-Depressant * COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=130 uM/ * Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. Cytotoxic ED50=3.75 ug/ml * Cytotoxic 7.2 uM * Cytotoxic 50 ppm * Diuretic * Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM * Hepatoprotective 10 mg/kg * Hepatoprotective 1-100 ug/ml * Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. Hypotensive * Immunomodulator * Leucocytogenic * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.18 mM * MMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10 uM * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor * Pesticide * Piscicide * Potassium-Sparing 3 mg/rat Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. Protease-Inhibitor IC85=18 ug/ml * Protisticide Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 ug/ml Lee, S. K., Song, Y., Mata-Greenwood, E., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V. E., Pezzuto, J. M. 1999. Modulation of in vitro Biomarkers of the Carcinogenic Process by Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Res., 19: 35-44. Sodium-Sparing 3 mg/rat Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. TOPO-2-Inhibitor * Trypanocide * Vasopressor *

^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Gaultheria fragrantissima (Ericaceae)

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