Cinchona spp | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Quinine

How used

Medicinal

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Activities: 195

Chemicals w/Activities: 25

All Chemicals: 86

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
38	(-)-EPICATECHIN	Bark	--	--	--	Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=22-50 uM/l * ACE-Inhibitor IC50=0.216 mM/l * ACE-Inhibitor 0.5 mg/ml rbt (weak activity) * Allelochemic Hanke, F. J., Natural Products as a Resource for Biologically Active Compounds, Thesis, U. Cal (Santa Cruz), 1986, 252 pp Antiaggregant * Antianaphylactic * Antibacterial * Antidiabetic 30 mg/kg rat * AntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antihepatitic Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. AntiHIV EC50=2 ug/ml * Antihyperglycemic * Antiinflammatory * Antileukemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antileukotriene * Antilipoperoxidant * Antimutagenic * Antioxidant IC50=6.3 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiviral EC50=2 ug/ml * Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker 10 uM Zhu, M., Phillipson, J. D., Greengrass, P. M., Bowery, N. E., Cai, Y. 1997. Plant Polyphenols: Biologically Active Compounds or Non-Selective Binders to Protein? Phytochemistry, 44(3): 441-447. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic * Choline-Sparing * COMP-Inhibitor Dullo, A. G., et al. 1999. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, 70: 1040-1045. Cytotoxic TC50=>100 ug/ml * Hypocholesterolemic * Hypoglycemic * Immunostimulant * Insulinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170. Lipoxygenase-1-Inhibitor IC50=60 mM * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=140 uM Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC97=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. Pancreatogenic * Pesticide * Reverse-Transcriptase-Inhibitor 10 ng/ml McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Vasodilator uM McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>40 Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
2	10-METHOXYCINCHONAMINE	Stem	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
Amebicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Pesticide *
3	3-ALPHA,17-ALPHA-CINCHOPHYLLINE	Leaf	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
Amebicide IC50=1.88 ug/ml Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Cytotoxic IC50=3.55 ug/ml Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Pesticide *
3	3-ALPHA,17-BETA-CINCHOPHYLLINE	Leaf	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
Amebicide IC50=3.50 ug/ml Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Cytotoxic IC50=0.4 ug/ml Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Pesticide *
0	3-EPIQUINAMINE	Leaf	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
3	ALIZARIN-2-METHYL-ETHER	Tissue Culture	--	--	--	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Phytoalexin Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
0	ALKALOIDS	Bark	50000.0	160000.0	1.59	*
0	ALKALOIDS	Leaf	--	10000.0	0.06	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
0	ALPHA-QUINOVINE	Bark	5000.0	10000.0	--	*
4	ARICINE	Plant	--	--	--	*
(-)-Chronotropic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Amebicide IC50=3.6 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Cytotoxic IC50=>100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Pesticide *
0	ASH	Seed	--	60000.0	0.36	CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
0	BETA-QUINOVINE	Bark	5000.0	10000.0	--	*
47	BETA-SITOSTEROL	Bark	--	--	--	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Androgenic * Angiogenic * Anorexic Martindale's 28th Antiadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Anticancer (Cervix) * Anticancer (Lung) * Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl * Antiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiinflammatory * Antileukemic * Antilymphomic * Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml * Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. Antioxidant IC44=10 uM * Antiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks * Antiprostatadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man * Antipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antitumor (Cervix) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991. Apoptotic * Artemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Caspase-8-Inducer * Estrogenic * Febrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Hepatoprotective * Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl Martindale's 30th Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl Martindale's 28th Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day * Pesticide * Spermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat *
102	CAFFEIC-ACID	Bark	--	--	--	Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110. Allergenic * Analgesic * Antiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiaging * Antiatherogenic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Anticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antidepressant * Antiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM) * Antielastase IC50=93 um/l * Antiescherichic * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files. Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus * Antihepatotoxic * Antiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/ml * Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml * Antihistaminic * AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml * Antihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antihyperthyroid * Antiinflammatory * AntiLegionella * Antileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antileukotriene * Antimelanogenic * Antimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18. Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18. Antiophidic * Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin * Antioxidant 1/2 BHA * Antioxidant 50 uM * Antioxidant IC57=30 ppm * Antioxidant 30 mM * Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E * Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991. Antiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antiprostaglandin * Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin * Antiradicular 30 mM * Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antiradicular IC50=32-35 uM * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73. Antistaphylococcic * Antistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antisunburn * Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69. Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files. Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus * Antitumor (Skin) * Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941. Antiulcerogenic * Antivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml * Anxiolytic * Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carcinogenic 2% (diet) * Chemopreventive * Cholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. CNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Co-carcinogenic * Collagen-Sparing * COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM * Cytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml * Diuretic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. DNA-Active Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. DNA-Protective * Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml * Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol) * Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210. Hepatotropic * Histamine-Inhibitor * Immunostimulant * Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. Leukotriene-Inhibitor * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM * Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM * Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19. Pesticide * Prooxidant * Prostaglandigenic * Sedative 500 mg * Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files. Vulnerary Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.
0	CATECHIN-TANNINS	Bark	30000.0	50000.0	-0.86	*
0	CATECHOL-TANNINS	Bark	--	80000.0	--	Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
0	CINCHOFULVIC-ACID	Plant	--	--	--	*
0	CINCHOLIC-ACID-BETA-D-QUINOVOSIDE	Bark	--	--	--	Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
0	CINCHONAIN-IA	Bark	--	--	--	Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
0	CINCHONAIN-IB	Bark	--	--	--	Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)

List of all activity chemical
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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Cinchona spp (Rubiaceae)

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