An official website of the United States government.
Plant Centaurea cyanus (Asteraceae)
Download a full report in PDF format
Common name(s)
Bachelor's Button, Cornflower
How used
Medicinal
Data Views
| # Activity | Chemical Name | Part | Low PPM | High PPM | StdDev | *Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | ACETIC-ACID | Flower | -- | -- | -- | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
|
Acidulant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antibacterial 5,000 ppm
*
Antiotitic
Martindale's 28th
Antisalmonella
*
Antivaginitic 1-2%
*
Expectorant
Martindale's 28th
Fungicide
Martindale's 29th
Keratitigenic
*
Mucolytic
Martindale's 29th
Osteolytic
*
Perfumery FEMA 6,000-40,000 ppm
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
*
Protisticide
Martindale's 29th
Spermicide
Martindale's 28th
Ulcerogenic
HerbalGram No. 20, page 9.
Verrucolytic
*
|
||||||
| 5 | ALUMINUM | Flower | -- | -- | -- | * |
|
Antisilicotic
Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.
Antivaginitic
Martindale's 28th
Candidicide
Martindale's 28th
Encephalopathic
Martindale's 29th
Pesticide
*
|
||||||
| 101 | APIGENIN | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
|
11B-HSD-Inhibitor
*
AntiADD
*
Antiaflatoxin IC50=9.52 uM
*
Antiaflatoxin IC50=2.57 ppm
*
Antiaggregant
*
Antiaging
*
Antiallergic
Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antiangiogenic 4 uM
*
Antiarrhythmic
*
Antibacterial
Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature 1978-1988, Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.
Anticancer (Lung)
*
Anticomplementary
*
Antidermatitic
Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
Antiestrogenic
Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antiherpetic 20-54 ug/ml
*
Antihistaminic IC50=10-35 uM
*
AntiHIV IC50=143 ug/ml
*
AntiHIV IC72=200 ug/ml
*
Antiinflammatory IC~65=1,000 uM
*
Antiinflammatory #NAME?
*
Antileukemic 20-50 uM
*
Antimelanomic 1-50 uM
*
Antimetastatic 1-50 uM
*
Antimutagenic ID50=0.55 ug/ml
*
Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.
Antioxidant IC28.5=62.5 ug/ml
*
Antioxidant 1.5 x Vit. E
*
Antiperistaltic
*
Antiproliferant 1-50 uM
*
Antiproliferant IC50=155 uM
*
Antispasmodic EC50=1-5 uM
*
Antistress 10 mg/kg
*
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitumor 1-50 uM
*
Antitumor (Breast) 1-50 uM
*
Antitumor (Lung)
*
Antitumor (Skin)
*
Antiviral 20-54 ug/ml
*
Anxiolytic 10 mg/kg
*
Apoptotic 12-60 uM
*
Aromatase-Inhibitor IC65=1 uM/l
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999.
Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uM
*
Calcium-Antagonist?
Biochimica & Biophysica Acta, 1115: 69, 1991.
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Choleretic
*
CNS-Depressant
*
COX-1-Inhibitor IC65=1,000 uM
*
COX-2-Inhibitor IC>65=1,000 uM
*
COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=<15 uM
*
COX-2-Inhibitor <40 uM
*
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor
*
Cytochrome-P450-1A1-Inhibitor
*
Cytotoxic IC88=10 ug/ml
Planta Medica, 57: A113, 1991.
Cytotoxic IC50=9.5 uM
*
Cytotoxic 1-50 uM
*
Deiodinase-Inhibitor
Jim Duke's personal files.
Differentiator MIC=30 uM
*
Differentiator IC40=40 uM
*
Diuretic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
DNA-Protective
*
Estrogenic 16% genistein
*
Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999.
Estrogenic EC50=1 uM
*
HIF-1alpha-Inhibitor
*
Hyaluronidase-Inhibitor IC50+=50-250 uM
*
Hypotensive
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ICAM-1-Inhibitor
*
IKK-Inhibitor
*
iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15 uM
*
Inotropic
*
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor
*
MAO-Inhibitor
*
MAPK-Inhibitor
*
Musculotropic
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Mutagenic
*
Myorelaxant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor
*
NF-kB-Inhibitor
*
NO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uM
*
Nodulation-Signal
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
*
P21-Inducer 10-70 uM
*
Pesticide
*
PKC-Inhibitor IC50=10 uM
*
Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor
*
Progestational
*
Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor IC50=10-40 uM
*
PTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uM
*
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 20 uM
Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in Murine Hepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.
Radioprotective
*
Sedative 30-100 mg/kg
*
Sunscreen
*
TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.27 uM
*
Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor
Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health, 14: 223-237.
Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC28=18 uM
*
Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC45=180 uM
*
Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor 50 ug/ml
Azuma, Y., Onishi, Y., Sato, Y., Kizaki, H. 1995. Effects of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors With Different Modes of Action on Topoisomerase Activity and Death of IL-2-Dependent CTLL-2-Cells. J Biochemistry, 118: 312-318.
Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999.
Vasodilator
*
VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7 uM
*
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor 0.36 uM
*
|
||||||
| 0 | APIGENIN-4'-O-(6-O-MALONYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE)-7-O-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE | Flower | -- | -- | -- | * |
| 0 | APIGENIN-4'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| 0 | APIGENIN-4'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE-7-O-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE | Flower | -- | -- | -- | * |
| 0 | APIGENIN-7-GLUCOSIDE | Leaf | -- | -- | -- | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| 4 | APIIN | Leaf | -- | -- | -- | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
|
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiarrhythmic
*
Antibradykinic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 366.
Antispasmodic
Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
|
||||||
| 4 | APIIN | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
|
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiarrhythmic
*
Antibradykinic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 366.
Antispasmodic
Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
|
||||||
| 1 | ARNIDIOL | Flower | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
|
Counterirritant
*
|
||||||
| 20 | BENZOIC-ACID | Flower | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
|
Allergenic
Martindale's 28th
Anesthetic
*
Antibacterial 33-1,250 ppm
*
Antibacterial MBC=800 ug/ml
*
Antiotitic
Martindale's 28th
Antipyretic
*
Antisalmonella MIC=800 ug/ml
*
Antiseptic 800 ug/ml
*
Antiyeast MFC=1,600 ug/ml
*
Choleretic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Expectorant
*
FLavor FEMA 250
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide MFC=1,600 ug/ml
*
Insectifuge
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
*
Phytoalexin
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=640 uM
*
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=710 uM
*
Uricosuric
*
Vulnerary
*
|
||||||
| 47 | BETA-SITOSTEROL | Flower | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
|
Androgenic
*
Angiogenic
*
Anorexic
Martindale's 28th
Antiadenomic
Merck 11th Edition
Antiandrogenic
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antibacterial
Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.
Anticancer (Breast)
Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
Anticancer (Cervix)
*
Anticancer (Lung)
*
Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl
*
Antiestrogenic
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antifeedant
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Antifertility
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antigonadotrophic
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antihyperlipoproteinaemic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiinflammatory
*
Antileukemic
*
Antilymphomic
*
Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml
*
Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.
Antioxidant IC44=10 uM
*
Antiprogestational
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks
*
Antiprostatadenomic
Merck 11th Edition
Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man
*
Antipyretic
Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Antitumor (Breast)
Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
Antitumor (Cervix)
*
Antitumor (Lung)
*
Antiviral
Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.
Apoptotic
*
Artemicide LC50=110 ppm
Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidicide
Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.
Caspase-8-Inducer
*
Estrogenic
*
Febrifuge
Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Gonadotrophic
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Hepatoprotective
*
Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl
Martindale's 30th
Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl
Martindale's 28th
Hypoglycemic
Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.
Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day
*
Pesticide
*
Spermicide
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Ubiquiot
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat
*
|
||||||
| 0 | C-GLYCOSYL-FLAVONE-7-O-METHYL-VITEXIN | Flower | -- | -- | -- | Wealth of India. |
| 102 | CAFFEIC-ACID | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
|
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity)
Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.
Allergenic
*
Analgesic
*
Antiadenoviral
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antiaggregant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiaging
*
Antiatherogenic
*
Antibacterial
*
Anticancer
*
Anticarcinogenic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antidepressant
*
Antiedemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)
*
Antielastase IC50=93 um/l
*
Antiescherichic
*
Antiflu
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antigonadotropic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antihemolytic 25 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus
*
Antihepatotoxic
*
Antiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/ml
*
Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml
*
Antihistaminic
*
AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml
*
Antihypercholesterolemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antihyperthyroid
*
Antiinflammatory
*
AntiLegionella
*
Antileukemic
Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antileukotriene
*
Antimelanogenic
*
Antimutagenic
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
Antinitrosaminic
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
Antiophidic
*
Antioxidant 30 mM
*
Antioxidant 50 uM
*
Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E
*
Antioxidant 1/2 BHA
*
Antioxidant IC57=30 ppm
*
Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin
*
Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/ml
*
Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM
Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml
*
Antiproliferant
Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antiprostaglandin
*
Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin
*
Antiradicular 30 mM
*
Antiradicular 10 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antiradicular IC50=32-35 uM
*
Antiseptic
*
Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM
Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.
Antistaphylococcic
*
Antistomatitic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antisunburn
*
Antithiamin
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus
*
Antitumor (Skin)
*
Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM
Cancer Research, 48: 5941.
Antiulcerogenic
*
Antivaccinia
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml
*
Anxiolytic
*
Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt
*
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carcinogenic 2% (diet)
*
Chemopreventive
*
Cholagogue
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Choleretic
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Clastogenic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
CNS-Active
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Co-carcinogenic
*
Collagen-Sparing
*
COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM
*
Cytoprotective
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml
*
Diuretic
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
DNA-Active
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
DNA-Protective
*
Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml
*
Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol)
*
Hepatoprotective
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.
Hepatotropic
*
Histamine-Inhibitor
*
Immunostimulant
*
Insectifuge
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
Leukotriene-Inhibitor
*
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM
Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM
*
Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM
*
Metal-Chelator
McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
Pesticide
*
Prooxidant
*
Prostaglandigenic
*
Sedative 500 mg
*
Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Tumorigenic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Vulnerary
*
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM
Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh.
|
||||||
| 102 | CAFFEIC-ACID | Flower | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
|
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity)
Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.
Allergenic
*
Analgesic
*
Antiadenoviral
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antiaggregant
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiaging
*
Antiatherogenic
*
Antibacterial
*
Anticancer
*
Anticarcinogenic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antidepressant
*
Antiedemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)
*
Antielastase IC50=93 um/l
*
Antiescherichic
*
Antiflu
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antigonadotropic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antihemolytic 25 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus
*
Antihepatotoxic
*
Antiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/ml
*
Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml
*
Antihistaminic
*
AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml
*
Antihypercholesterolemic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antihyperthyroid
*
Antiinflammatory
*
AntiLegionella
*
Antileukemic
Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antileukotriene
*
Antimelanogenic
*
Antimutagenic
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
Antinitrosaminic
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
Antiophidic
*
Antioxidant 30 mM
*
Antioxidant 50 uM
*
Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E
*
Antioxidant 1/2 BHA
*
Antioxidant IC57=30 ppm
*
Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin
*
Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/ml
*
Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM
Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml
*
Antiproliferant
Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antiprostaglandin
*
Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin
*
Antiradicular 30 mM
*
Antiradicular 10 uM
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
Antiradicular IC50=32-35 uM
*
Antiseptic
*
Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM
Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.
Antistaphylococcic
*
Antistomatitic
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antisunburn
*
Antithiamin
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.
Antithyroid
Jim Duke's personal files.
Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus
*
Antitumor (Skin)
*
Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM
Cancer Research, 48: 5941.
Antiulcerogenic
*
Antivaccinia
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml
*
Anxiolytic
*
Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt
*
Cancer-Preventive
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carcinogenic 2% (diet)
*
Chemopreventive
*
Cholagogue
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Choleretic
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Clastogenic
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
CNS-Active
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Co-carcinogenic
*
Collagen-Sparing
*
COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM
*
Cytoprotective
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml
*
Diuretic
Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
DNA-Active
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
DNA-Protective
*
Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml
*
Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol)
*
Hepatoprotective
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.
Hepatotropic
*
Histamine-Inhibitor
*
Immunostimulant
*
Insectifuge
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
Leukotriene-Inhibitor
*
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM
Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM
*
Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM
*
Metal-Chelator
McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
Pesticide
*
Prooxidant
*
Prostaglandigenic
*
Sedative 500 mg
*
Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Tumorigenic
Jim Duke's personal files.
Vulnerary
*
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM
Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh.
|
||||||
| 0 | CENTAUR-X | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| 0 | CENTAUR-X | Plant | -- | -- | -- | Wealth of India. |
| 0 | CENTAUR-X-1 | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| 0 | CENTAUR-X-3 | Shoot | -- | -- | -- | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| 0 | CENTAUR-Y | Plant | -- | -- | -- | Wealth of India. |
| # Activity | Chemical Name | Part | Low PPM | High PPM | StdDev | *Reference |
|---|
| # Chemical | Activity Name | *Reference |
|---|---|---|
 |
||
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.