Aconitum napellus | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common name(s)

Aconite, Bear's-Foot, Blue Rocket, European Aconite, Friar's Cap, Garden Monkshood, Garden Wolfsbane, Helmet Flower, Monkshood, Queen's Fettle, Soldier's Cap, Turk's Cap

How used

Medicinal

Data Views

Activities: 238

Chemicals w/Activities: 29

All Chemicals: 53

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
0	1,14-DIACETYLNEOLINE	Root	--	--	--	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
0	12-EPIACETYLDEHYDRONAPELLINE	Root	--	--	--	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
0	12-EPIDEHYDRONAPELLINE	Root	--	--	--	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
0	14-ACETYLNEOLINE	Root	--	--	--	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
5	ACONINE	Root	--	--	--	*
Analgesic * Anesthetic * Antipyretic Merck 11th Edition Insecticide Grainge, M. and Ahmed, S., Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1988, 470. Pesticide *
1	ACONITIC-ACID	Leaf	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Perfumery FEMA 1-30 ppm Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
26	ACONITINE	Root	--	--	--	*
(+)-Inotropic 0.1 mg/kg scu gpg Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Analgesic * Anesthetic * Antiinflammatory Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antineuralgic 0.1 g/man * Antinociceptive * Antipyretic Merck 11th Edition Arrhythmigenic 0.1 mg/kg scu gpg * Bradycardic 0.01 mg/kg scu cat Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Calcium-Antagonist 50 ug/ml rat * Cardiotonic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Cardiotoxic * Dermal Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Diaphoretic * Emetic 400-500 ppb * Gastric-Anesthetic * Hypotensive 0.01 mg/kg scu cat * Immunomodulator * Insecticide Grainge, M. and Ahmed, S., Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1988, 470. Mydriatic 400-500 ppb * Paralytic 400-500 ppb * Pediculicide Grainge, M. and Ahmed, S., Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1988, 470. Pesticide * Respiraparalytic * Sialogogue 400-500 ppb * Toxic *
0	ACONOSINE	Root	--	--	--	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
0	ALKALOIDS	Leaf	1200.0	9600.0	0.04	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
0	ALKALOIDS	Root	2000.0	15000.0	0.06	*
2	BENZACONINE	Root	--	--	--	*
Insecticide Grainge, M. and Ahmed, S., Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1988, 470. Pesticide *
102	CAFFEIC-ACID	Plant	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110. Allergenic * Analgesic * Antiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiaging * Antiatherogenic * Antibacterial * Anticancer * Anticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antidepressant * Antiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antielastase IC50=93 um/l * Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM) * Antiescherichic * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files. Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus * Antihepatotoxic * Antiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/ml * Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml * Antihistaminic * AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml * Antihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antihyperthyroid * Antiinflammatory * AntiLegionella * Antileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antileukotriene * Antimelanogenic * Antimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18. Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18. Antiophidic * Antioxidant 1/2 BHA * Antioxidant IC57=30 ppm * Antioxidant 50 uM * Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin * Antioxidant 30 mM * Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E * Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991. Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/ml * Antiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antiprostaglandin * Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin * Antiradicular 30 mM * Antiradicular IC50=32-35 uM * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73. Antistaphylococcic * Antistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antisunburn * Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69. Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files. Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus * Antitumor (Skin) * Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941. Antiulcerogenic * Antivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207. Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml * Anxiolytic * Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carcinogenic 2% (diet) * Chemopreventive * Cholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. CNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Co-carcinogenic * Collagen-Sparing * COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM * Cytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml * Diuretic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. DNA-Active Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. DNA-Protective * Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml * Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol) * Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210. Hepatotropic * Histamine-Inhibitor * Immunostimulant * Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. Leukotriene-Inhibitor * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM * Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19. Pesticide * Prooxidant * Prostaglandigenic * Sedative 500 mg * Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l Lazarova, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993. Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files. Vulnerary Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.
77	CHLOROGENIC-ACID	Plant	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=1.8 uM rat (strong activity) Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, Kikkanols A, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345. Allelochemic * Allergenic * Analgesic * Antiatherosclerotic * Antibacterial * Anticancer (Colon) * Anticancer (Forestomach) * Anticancer (Liver) * Anticancer (Skin) * Anticarcinogenic * Antidiabetic * AntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antifeedant * Antigenotoxic * Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files. Antihemolytic 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antihepatotoxic * Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194. Antihistaminic * AntiHIV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antihyperthyroid * Antiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19. AntiLegionella * Antileukotriene * Antimelanogenic * Antimutagenic * Antinitrosaminic * Antioxidant IC53=200 ppm Huang, M-T., and Ferraro, T. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.2 p.21. Antioxidant IC80=12 uM * Antioxidant IC50=54.2 uM * Antiperoxidant IC50=36 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991. Antipolio Jim Duke's personal files. Antiradicular 9 x quercetin * Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. Antiseptic * Antisunburn * Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files. Antitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Forestomach) * Antitumor (Liver) * Antitumor (Skin) * Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10 uM * Antiulcer Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. Autotoxic * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardioprotective * Chemopreventive * Cholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Choleretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Clastogenic Friedman, M. and Dao, L. 1990. Effect of Autoclaving and Conventional and Microwave Baking on the Ergot Alkaloid and Chlorogenic Acid Contents of Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav. cv.) Heavenly Blue Seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 805-808. CNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. CNS-Stimulant 1/6 Caffeine * Collagen-Sparing * Diuretic * Fungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Hepatoprotective Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Histamine-Inhibitor * Hypoglycemic * Immunostimulant * Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. Interferonogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124. Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Larvistat Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Leukotriene-Inhibitor * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC23=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25. NO-Genic * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19. Oviposition-Stimulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sunscreen * Sweetener Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Vulnerary *
23	CITRIC-ACID	Plant	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Allergenic * Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor * Antiaphthic 20,000 ppm Martindale's 28th Antiatherosclerotic * Antibacterial * Anticalculic * Anticoagulant Merck 11th Edition Antileishmanic * Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antioxidant Synergist Merck 11th Edition Antiseborrheic * Antiseptic Martindale's 29th Antitubercular * Antitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Disinfectant Martindale's 29th FLavor FEMA 370-4,400 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Hemostat * Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Laxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91. Litholytic Martindale's 29th Mycobactericide * Odontolytic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Refrigerant Martindale's 28th
49	EPHEDRINE	Root	--	--	--	*
Adrenergic Martindale's 29th Allergenic Martindale's 29th Anesthetic * Antiallergic * Antianaphylactic * Antiappetant * Antiarachidonate * Antiasthmatic 15-60 mg/3-4 x/day/orl/man Martindale's 29th Antibronchitic * Anticholinesterase * Antiedemic 30 mg/3-4x/day/man Martindale's 29th Antiemphysemic * Antienuretic 60 mg/man/night Martindale's 29th Antiepileptic * Antiherpetic * Antihiccup 5-10 mg/ivn/man Martindale's 29th Antihistaminic * Antiinflammatory * Antimyasthenic 30 mg/3x/day/man Martindale's 29th Antinarcoleptic Martindale's 29th Antirhinitic Martindale's 29th Antisinusitic Martindale's 29th Antisyncopic 25 mg/4 x/day/man Martindale's 29th Antitussive 0.01 mg/kg Schulz, V, Hansel, R and Tyler, VE. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy - A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. 1st English Edition. Translated by Terry C. Telger. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 306 pp. Antiviral * Bronchodilator 1.5-3 mg/kg orl dog Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Bronchodilator 5 mg/cat orl Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Bronchorelaxant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Cardiotonic 1 mg/kg ivn rat Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Cerebrostimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. CNS-Stimulant 20 mg/dog Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. Controlled * Decongestant Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Dermatitigenic * Diuretic * Hallucinogenic Martindale's 29th Hypertensive 30 mg/man/day Martindale's 28th Insecticide Grainge, M. and Ahmed, S., Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1988, 470. Mydriatic Merck 11th Edition Myocardiotonic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Myorelaxant * Pesticide * Respirastimulant Martindale's 29th Stimulant Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Sympathomimetic Merck 11th Edition Tachycardic Martindale's 28th Tracheorelaxant * Uterocontractant * Vasoconstrictor Martindale's 29th
8	FRUCTOSE	Root	--	--	--	*
Antialcoholic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antidiabetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antihangover * Antiketotic Merck 11th Edition Antinauseant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Laxative * Neoplastic CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses Sweetener 2 x glucose Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
8	FRUCTOSE	Plant	--	--	--	*
Antialcoholic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antidiabetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antihangover * Antiketotic Merck 11th Edition Antinauseant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Laxative * Neoplastic CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses Sweetener 2 x glucose Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
0	HOKBUSINE-A	Root	--	--	--	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
0	HOMOISOACONITINE	Leaf	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
4	HYPACONITINE	Root	--	--	--	*
Analgesic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiinflammatory Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insecticide Grainge, M. and Ahmed, S., Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1988, 470. Pesticide *

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Aconitum napellus (Ranunculaceae)

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