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ActivityReference
Abortifacient
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
Chemicals (2)
CINNAMIC-ACID 4 ug/ml (weak activity)
SCOPOLETIN IC50=6.2 ug/ml cow
Allelochemic Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN IC89=2 mM
Allergenic
Chemicals (2)
BETA-CAROTENE
CINNAMIC-ACID
Analeptic
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Analgesic
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Androgenic? Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Anesthetic
Chemicals (2)
CINNAMIC-ACID
SCOPOLETIN
Antiacne Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antiadrenergic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antiaflatoxin
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN IC50=65 uM
Antiaging
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antialkali? Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
GLUTAMIC-ACID 500-1,000 mg/day/orl/man
Antialzheimeran
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE 5-16 g/man/day
Antiarrhythmic
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antiarthritic
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antiasthmatic
Chemicals (3)
BETA-CAROTENE
HCN
SCOPOLETIN
Antibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (2)
CINNAMIC-ACID
SCOPOLETIN
Antibronchoconstrictor
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
Chemicals (1)
ZEAXANTHIN
Anticarcinomic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Anticephalagic
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Anticerebrotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Anticervicaldysplasic
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Anticholinergic
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antichoreic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Chemicals (2)
CHOLINE
GABA 1-32 g/man/day
Anticirrhotic
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE 6,000 mg/man/day
Anticonvulsant Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
Chemicals (1)
GABA 4,120 mg/kg ipr mus
Anticorneitic
Chemicals (1)
TAURINE
Anticoronary
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE 50 mg/man/2 days
Anticystinuric
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Antidementia
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Antidiabetic
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Antidiabetic? Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Antidote Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
HCN Ihl (=Amyl Nitrite)
Antidyskinetic Martindale's 28th
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE 150-200 mg/kg/man/day
Antiedemic
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Antiepileptic
Chemicals (1)
GLUTAMIC-ACID
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antigastritic Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
Antihemolytic
Chemicals (1)
TAURINE
Antihepatitic Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Antihepatotoxic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antihomocysteine
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Antihomocystinuric
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
Antihyperammonemic Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
GLUTAMIC-ACID
Antihyperkeratotic
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antihypertensive
Chemicals (2)
ARGININE
GABA 1,000-4,000 mg/man/day
Antiichythyotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antiimpotence
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Antiinfertility Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE 4 g/day
Antiinflammatory
Chemicals (2)
CINNAMIC-ACID
SCOPOLETIN ED 1-10 ug/ear
Antiinsomniac
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Antilethargic
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Antileukoplakic
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antileukotrienogenic
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antilipoperoxidant
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE IC71=50 ug/ml
Antilithic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
GLUTAMIC-ACID
Antilupus Martindale's 28th
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE 150 mg/man/day/2 mos
Antimaculitic
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antimanic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE 15-30 g/man/day/orl
Antimastitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antimorphinic Martindale's 28th
Chemicals (1)
ASPARTIC-ACID
Antimutagenic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.
Chemicals (4)
BETA-CAROTENE
CINNAMIC-ACID
CRYPTOXANTHIN
SCOPOLETIN
Antimyoatrophic
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
Antinociceptive
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Antioxidant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (4)
ALANINE
BETA-CAROTENE
SCOPOLETIN
TAURINE
Antioxidant?
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Antiozenic
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antipapillomic
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antiphotophobic Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE 30-300 mg/man/day
Antipityriasic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
AntiPMS
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antiporphyric Martindale's 28th
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE 30-300 mg/man/day
Antiproliferant Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Chemicals (2)
BETA-CAROTENE
SCOPOLETIN
Antiprostaglandin
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antiprostatitic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Chemicals (1)
GLUTAMIC-ACID 125-250 mg 3 x/day
Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antiradicular Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antiretardation Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (1)
GLUTAMIC-ACID
Antirheumatic
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antiseptic
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Antispasmodic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (2)
CINNAMIC-ACID
SCOPOLETIN
Antisteatotic
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Antistress
Chemicals (2)
BETA-CAROTENE
GABA
Antitinnitic
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Antitumor
Chemicals (2)
BETA-CAROTENE
SCOPOLETIN 2.9 ug/ml
Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
Chemicals (2)
BETA-CAROTENE IC45=60 ug/ml
ZEAXANTHIN
Antitumor (CNS)
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE IC43=45 ug/ml
Antitumor (Colon)
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE IC43=45 ug/ml
Antitumor (Lung)
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE IC30=60 ug/ml
Antitumor (Prostate)
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Antitumor (Stomach)
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE IC26=45 ug/ml
Antitussive Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Chemicals (1)
HCN
Antiulcer
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl
Antixerophthalmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Anxiolytic Merck 11th Edition
Chemicals (2)
GABA
GLUTAMIC-ACID
Aphrodisiac
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE 3 g/day
Apoptotic
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Bronchorelaxant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Bronchosedative Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Chemicals (1)
HCN
Bruchifuge
Chemicals (1)
XANTHOPHYLL
Bruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Chemicals (6)
ALANINE
BETA-CAROTENE 22 ppm
CINNAMIC-ACID
SCOPOLETIN
SERINE
TAURINE
Cardiac Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
TAURINE
Cardiodepressant
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Cardioprotective
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
Cardiovascular Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
Chemicals (1)
GABA 208 ivn dog
Cerebrotonic
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Chemopreventive
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Cholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Choleretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Chemicals (2)
CINNAMIC-ACID
SCOPOLETIN
Cholinergic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
CNS-Depressant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
CNS-Inhibitor Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
Chemicals (1)
GABA 2,500 mg/kg scu mus
CNS-Stimulant Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Colorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (3)
BETA-CAROTENE
PHYSALIEN
ZEAXANTHIN
COX-1-Inhibitor
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE IC78=50 ug/ml
COX-2-Inhibitor
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE IC82=50 ug/ml
Cytotoxic
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Dermatitigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (1)
CINNAMIC-ACID
Diuretic
Chemicals (3)
ARGININE
BETAINE
GABA 1,500-4,000 mg/man/day
Emmenagogue Wealth of India.
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
Ethanolytic
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
Expectorant
Chemicals (1)
BETAINE
FLavor Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Chemicals (1)
CINNAMIC-ACID FEMA 4-40
Fungicide
Chemicals (2)
CINNAMIC-ACID
SCOPOLETIN 2 mM
Gastroprotective
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Hepatoprotective
Chemicals (5)
BETAINE
CHOLINE
SCOPOLETIN
ZEAXANTHIN
ZEAXANTHIN-DIPALMITATE
Herbicide
Chemicals (2)
CINNAMIC-ACID
SCOPOLETIN
Hypoammonemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Hypocholesterolemic Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
TAURINE
Hypoglycemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 165
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Hypotensive
Chemicals (3)
CHOLINE
GABA 1,000-4,000 mg/day
SCOPOLETIN
Ileorelaxant
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Immunostimulant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE 180 mg/man/day/orl
Insecticide Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Chemicals (1)
HCN
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Chemicals (1)
XANTHOPHYLL
Interferon-Synergist
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Laxative
Chemicals (1)
CINNAMIC-ACID
Lipotropic
Chemicals (2)
BETAINE
CHOLINE
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor
Chemicals (1)
CINNAMIC-ACID
MAO-Inhibitor
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Memorigenic
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE
Mucogenic
Chemicals (2)
BETA-CAROTENE
BETAINE
Musculotropic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Myorelaxant
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Neuroexcitant Martindale's 28th
Chemicals (1)
ASPARTIC-ACID
Neuroinhibitor
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Neurotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (2)
GABA (to birds)
GLUTAMIC-ACID
Neurotransmitter
Chemicals (1)
GABA
NO-Genic
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Oxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.
Chemicals (1)
ALANINE
Parasympathomimetic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Chemicals (1)
CHOLINE (1/1,000th acetylcholine)
Pesticide
Chemicals (5)
BETAINE
CINNAMIC-ACID
HCN
SCOPOLETIN
XANTHOPHYLL
Phagocytotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Phytoalexin
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Phytohormonal Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Pituitary-Stimulant
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Prooxidant
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE 20 ug/g
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
Chemicals (1)
ZEAXANTHIN
Respirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Chemicals (1)
HCN
Roborant Merck 11th Edition
Chemicals (1)
ASPARTIC-ACID
Rodenticide Martindale's 29th
Chemicals (1)
HCN
Sedative
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Spermigenic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE 4 g/day
Thymoprotective Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Tranquilizer Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Chemicals (1)
GABA
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor
Chemicals (1)
CINNAMIC-ACID ID50=700 uM
Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Chemicals (1)
BETA-CAROTENE
Uterosedative Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Chemicals (1)
SCOPOLETIN
Vasodilator
Chemicals (1)
ARGININE
Vasomotor-Stimulant
Chemicals (1)
HCN
Vermifuge
Chemicals (1)
CINNAMIC-ACID
Vitamin-A-Activity
Chemicals (1)
CRYPTOXANTHIN
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.