| (-)-Chronotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE 87 nl/ml |
|
| (-)-Inotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE 87 nl/ml |
|
| 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| PALMITIC-ACID |
| STEARIC-ACID |
|
| ABeta-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Abortifacient | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| Acaricide | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE LC100=6 uM |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE |
| LIMONENE LC100=8 uM |
|
| ACE-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
| MYRCENE 100 ug/ml |
|
| AChE-Inhibitor | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
|
|
| Adenylate-Cyclase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml |
| MYRCENE 100 ug/ml |
| NEROLIDOL |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Allelochemic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| LIMONENE |
| TERPINOLENE |
|
| Allelopathic | Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| CAMPHENE |
| CAMPHOR |
| SCLAREOL |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Allergenic | |
| Chemicals (12) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| GERANIOL |
| GERANYL-ACETATE |
| LIMONENE 1/20th carene |
| MYRCENE |
| NEROLIDOL |
| OLEIC-ACID |
|
| Allergenic? | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| DELTA-3-CARENE |
|
| Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor | |
|
|
| Analgesic | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| CAMPHOR |
| MYRCENE |
| P-CYMENE |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Androgenic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Anemiagenic | |
|
|
| Anesthetic | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| CAMPHOR |
| LINALYL-ACETATE 0.01-1 ug/ml |
|
| Angiogenic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Anorexic | Martindale's 28th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Anthelmintic | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| GERANIOL |
| TANNIN |
|
| Antiacetylcholinesterase | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE IC50=41 ug/ml |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE IC23=1.2 mM |
| LIMONENE IC22-26=1.2 mM |
| P-CYMENE IC40=1.2 mM |
| TERPINEN-4-OL IC21-24=1.2 mM |
|
| Antiacne | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| CAMPHOR |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| NEROLIDOL |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Antiadenomic | Merck 11th Edition |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Antiaflatoxin | |
|
|
| Antiaggregant | Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antiallergenic | |
|
|
| Antiallergic | J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| CITRAL |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Antialopecic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| PALMITIC-ACID |
|
| Antialzheimeran | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antialzheimeran? | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
|
|
| Antianaphylactic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID 1-100 mg/kg orl |
|
| Antiandrogenic | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| PALMITIC-ACID |
|
| Antiarrhythmic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID 40 mg/kg |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antiarteriosclerotic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| Antiarthritic | Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antiasthmatic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| LIMONENE |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Antiatherosclerotic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID IC50=0.74 uM |
|
| Antibacillary | |
|
|
| Antibacterial | |
| Chemicals (24) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE 50 ppm |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| CUMINALDEHYDE |
| DELTA-3-CARENE |
| GERANIAL |
| GERANIOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
| LIMONENE |
| MYRCENE |
| NERAL |
| NEROL |
| NEROLIDOL MIC=25-200 ug/ml |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml |
| P-CYMENE |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| SCLAREOL |
| TANNIN |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antibronchitic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Antiburn | Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
|
| Anticancer | |
| Chemicals (7) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BUTYRIC-ACID |
| CITRAL |
| LIMONENE |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Anticancer (Breast) | Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Anticancer (Cervix) | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Anticancer (Colon) | Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Anticancer (Lung) | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Anticancer (Pancreas) | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL IC50=265 uM |
|
| Anticarcinomic | Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Anticariogenic | |
| Chemicals (7) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml |
| GERANIOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
| NEROLIDOL MIC=25-200 ug/ml |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Anticatarrh | Martindale's 29th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Anticholestatic | Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID 28-100 mg/kg orl |
|
| Anticholinesterase | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE IC50=50-70 |
|
| Anticoagulant | Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Anticomplement | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC40-50 0.01 mM/l gpg |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC100 0.1 mM/l gpg |
|
| Anticomplementary | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID 1/2 aspirin |
|
| Anticonvulsant | |
|
|
| Anticoronary | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| Antidepressant | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antidiabetic | Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books) |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antidiarrheic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CAMPHOR 500 ug/ml |
| TANNIN |
|
| Antidysenteric | Wealth of India. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CAMPHOR 500 ug/ml |
| TANNIN |
|
| AntiEBV | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| GERANIAL IC50=16 uM |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antieczemic | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| Antiedemic | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL IC54=320 mg/kg orl |
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC36=40 mg/kg ipr rat |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID 0.316-3.16 mg/kg ims |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antiemetic | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CAMPHOR 100-200 mg man orl |
|
| Antiescherichic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antiesophagitic | |
|
|
| Antiestrogenic | Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Antifatigue | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Antifeedant | Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. |
| Chemicals (9) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| CADINENE |
| CAMPHOR IC50=5,000 ppm diet |
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE |
| LIMONENE |
| NEROLIDOL 1 mM (diet) |
| TERPINOLENE |
|
| Antifertility | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antifibrinolytic | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| PALMITIC-ACID |
|
| Antifibrosarcomic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID IC80=10 uM |
|
| Antifibrositic | Martindale's 28th |
|
|
| Antiflu | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| LIMONENE |
| NERYL-ACETATE |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Antigingivitic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml |
|
| Antigonadotrophic | Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Antigonadotropic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antigranular | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| Antihalitosic | American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Antihelicobacter | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| NEROL |
|
| Antihemolytic | Int. J. Immunopharmacology. Vol 10: 729, 1988. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID IC70=5-10 um/l |
|
| Antihepatotoxic | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| LIGNOCERIC-ACID |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID 5-20 mg/kg ipr |
|
| Antiherpetic | Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID 50 ug/ml |
|
| Antihistaminic | Tsuruga, T., Chun, Y.-T., Ebizuka, Y., and Sankawa, U. 1991. Biologically Active Constituents of Melaleuca leucadendron: Inhibitors of Induced Histamine Release from Rat Mast Cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(12): 3276-3278, 1991. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| AntiHIV | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=21.8 ug/ml |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID EC50=40 ug/ml |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID EC50=2.0 ug/ml |
|
| Antihyperlipidemic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antihyperlipoproteinaemic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Antihypertensive | |
|
|
| Antihyperthyroid | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antiinflammatory | Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. |
| Chemicals (15) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| ALPHA-PINENE 500 mg/kg |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
| CITRAL |
| DELTA-3-CARENE ipr |
| LIMONENE |
| LINOLEIC-ACID IC50=31 uM |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID 40 mg/kg ipr |
| OLEIC-ACID IC50=21 uM |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID IC~58=1,000 uM |
| URSOLIC-ACID 1/3 indomethacin |
|
| Antiintegrase | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID 10 ug/ml |
|
| Antiischemic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID 40 mg/kg |
|
| Antilaryngitic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Antileishmanic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| URSOLIC-ACID ED50=20 uM |
|
| Antileukemic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=2.5-17.8 ug/ml |
|
| Antileukotriene | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=17 uM |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antileukotriene-D4 | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID IC50=31 uM |
| OLEIC-ACID IC50=21 uM |
|
| Antilipolytic | |
|
|
| Antilipoperoxidant | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antilithic | |
|
|
| Antilithic? | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
|
| Antilymphomic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| LIMONENE |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antimalarial | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=70-89 ug/ml |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=28-37 ug/ml |
|
| Antimelanomic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL IC50=150 uM/l |
|
| Antimenorrhagic | Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| Antimetastatic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID IC80=10 uM |
|
| Antimetastatic (Stomach) | |
|
|
| AntiMS | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| Antimutagenic | Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991. |
| Chemicals (7) |
|---|
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL 250 ug/ml |
| LIMONENE |
| MYRCENE |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC57-80=80 mg/kg |
|
| Antinephritic | Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=19-24 uM |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=6-7.5 uM |
|
| Antineuralgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
|
| Antinitrosaminic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| MYRCENE |
| TERPINOLENE |
|
| Antinociceptive | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| MYRCENE 10-20 mg/kg ipr mus |
|
| Antiobesity | |
|
|
| Antiobesity? | Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antiophidic | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL 2.3 mg mus |
| TANNIN |
|
| Antioxidant | |
| Chemicals (13) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL IC44=10 uM |
| CAMPHENE |
| CITRAL |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE |
| LINALYL-ACETATE 400 ppm |
| MYRCENE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| PALMITIC-ACID IC40=60 |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID EC50=2.7 ug/ml |
| TANNIN IC50=1.44 ug/ml |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
| TERPINOLENE |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=10 uM |
|
| Antioxidant (LDL) | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID IC50=0.74 uM |
|
| Antipeptic | Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
|
| Antiperiodontic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml |
|
| Antiperoxidant | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC30=200 ug/ml |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC35=200 ug/ml |
|
| AntiPGE2 | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=24 uM |
|
| Antipharyngitic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Antiplaque | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antiplasmodial | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=70-89 ug/ml |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=28-37 ug/ml |
|
| Antipneumonic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
|
| Antiprogestational | Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Antiproliferant | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antiproliferative | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=15-20 uM |
|
| Antiprostaglandin | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL 30 mg/day/12 wks |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID 20 mg/kg ivn |
|
| Antiprostatadenomic | Merck 11th Edition |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Antiprostatitic | Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| Antiproteolytic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID IC50=0.9 mol l |
|
| Antipruritic | Merck 11th Edition |
|
|
| Antipulmonotic | Tyler, V.E.. 1994. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antipyretic | Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Antiradicular | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| TANNIN 500 mg/kg/day orl mus |
|
| Antirenitic | Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. |
|
|
| Antirheumatalgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
|
| Antirheumatic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Antirhinitic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Antisalmonella | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
|
| Antisarcomic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antiseptic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (15) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CAMPHOR |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID |
| CITRAL 5.2 x phenol |
| CITRONELLOL |
| GERANIOL 7 x phenol |
| LIMONENE |
| NEROL |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Antishock | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antisinusitic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Antispasmodic | |
| Chemicals (13) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CAMPHOR ED50=0.075 mg/ml |
| CITRAL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE ED50=0.197 mg/ml |
| LINALYL-ACETATE ED50=0.21 mg/ml |
| MYRCENE |
| NERAL |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Antistaphylococcic | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE 50 ppm |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| CITRONELLOL |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antistreptococcic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRONELLOL |
| NEROLIDOL |
|
| AntiTGF-beta | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=19-24 uM |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=6-7.5 uM |
|
| Antithromboxane | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=50 uM |
|
| Antithyreotropic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antithyroid | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antitrypanosomic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitubercular | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL MIC=64 ug/ml |
|
| Antituberculic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
|
| Antitumor | |
| Chemicals (9) |
|---|
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BUTYRIC-ACID |
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
| CITRAL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitumor (brain) | Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitumor (Breast) | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| LIMONENE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID 0.5% diet |
|
| Antitumor (Cervix) | Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitumor (Colon) | Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
| LIMONENE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitumor (Kidney) | Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitumor (Liver) | |
|
|
| Antitumor (Lung) | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitumor (Ovary) | Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitumor (Pancreas) | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| GERANIOL IC50=265 uM |
| LIMONENE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitumor (Prostate) | |
|
|
| Antitumor (Skin) | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
|
| Antitumor (Stomach) | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| LIMONENE |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=15-20 uM |
|
| Antitumor-Promoter | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antitussive | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Antiulcer | |
| Chemicals (8) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| CITRAL |
| NEROL |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID >carbenoxolone |
| TANNIN |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Antiuremic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Antiviral | Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991. |
| Chemicals (11) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL IC50=16 uM |
| LIMONENE |
| NERYL-ACETATE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID EC50=1.7 ug/ml |
| P-CYMENE |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID EC50=40 ug/ml |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC85=18 ug/ml |
|
| Antiyeast | |
|
|
| Anxiolytic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Apoptotic | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| BUTYRIC-ACID |
| CITRAL |
| LIMONENE |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Aromatase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Artemicide | Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL LC50=110 ppm |
|
| Ascaricide | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
|
| Bacteriostatic | Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Barbituate-Synergist | |
|
|
| Beta-Blocker | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID ~100 mg/kg |
| URSOLIC-ACID ~100 mg/kg |
|
| Bronchoprotectant | |
|
|
| Bronchorelaxant | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
|
|
| Bruchifuge | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BUTYRIC-ACID |
|
| Calcium-Antagonist | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE ED50=32 uM gpg |
| CITRAL |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID IC50=1.2 uM rbt |
|
| Cancer-Preventive | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
| Chemicals (13) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-MYRCENE |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| CAMPHOR |
| CITRAL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Candidicide | |
| Chemicals (9) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID 300 mg/man/12 x/day |
| CITRONELLOL |
| GERANIOL |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Candidistat | |
|
|
| Carcinogenic | Science News, 146: 421. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| CITRAL |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
|
| Cardioprotective | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID 40 mg/kg |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Cardiotonic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Carminative | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
|
| Caspase-3-Inducer | |
|
|
| Caspase-8-Inducer | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Chelator | |
|
|
| Chemopreventive | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
| LIMONENE |
| MYRCENE |
|
| Choleretic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| OLEIC-ACID 5 ml/man |
| URSOLIC-ACID 5-20 mg/kg orl |
|
| Cholesterolytic | |
|
|
| Cicatrizant | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL ED50=228 ug/g mus |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL ED50=240 ug/g mus |
|
| CNS-Depressant | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| CNS-Stimulant | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| CAMPHOR |
| GERANIOL |
|
| Coleoptophile | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
|
| Comedolytic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| Convulsant | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| CAMPHOR |
|
| Cosmetic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| BEHENIC-ACID |
| CAMPHOR |
| STEARIC-ACID |
|
| Counterirritant | Martindale's 28th |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| CAMPHOR |
|
| COX-1-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID IC58=1,000 uM |
|
| COX-2-Inhibitor | Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=295 uM/ |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID IC>58=1,000 uM |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=130 uM/ |
|
| Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Cytochrome-P450-Inducer | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Cytotoxic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID TC50=100-150 ug/ml |
| URSOLIC-ACID 50 ppm |
|
| Decongestant | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| CAMPHOR |
|
| Degranulant | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE 0.3 ul/ml |
|
| Deiodinase-Inhibitor | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Deliriant | Merck 11th Edition |
|
|
| Dentifrice | Martindale's 29th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Deodorant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| TERPINOLENE |
|
| Dermatitigenic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| DELTA-3-CARENE |
| OLEIC-ACID |
|
| Detoxicant | |
|
|
| Diuretic | Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| TERPINEN-4-OL 0.1 ml/rat |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Ecbolic | |
|
|
| Edemagenic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE inj |
|
| Elastase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID IC50=~15 uM |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=~15 uM |
|
| Embryotoxic | |
|
|
| Emetic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-97. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CAMPHOR |
| GERANIOL 3 x ipecac |
|
| Enterocontractant | J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. |
|
|
| Epileptigenic | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
|
|
| Estrogenic | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
| NEROL |
|
| Expectorant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (7) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| CAMPHENE |
| CAMPHOR |
| CITRAL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Febrifuge | Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| FLavor | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
| Chemicals (26) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE FEMA 1-200 |
| 3-OCTANOL FEMA |
| ALPHA-PINENE FEMA 15-150 |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL FEMA 5-40 |
| BENZALDEHYDE FEMA 150-800 |
| BETA-PINENE FEMA 15-600 |
| CADINENE FEMA 400-4,000 |
| CAMPHENE FEMA 15-175 |
| CITRAL FEMA 4-170 |
| CITRONELLOL FEMA 1-50 |
| CUMINALDEHYDE FEMA <1 |
| DELTA-3-CARENE FEMA |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE FEMA 1-40 |
| GERANIOL FEMA 1-10 |
| GERANYL-ACETATE FEMA 1-20 |
| LIMONENE |
| LINALYL-ACETATE FEMA 2-15 |
| MYRCENE FEMA 0.5-9 |
| NEROL FEMA 1-20 |
| NEROLIDOL FEMA 1-10 |
| NERYL-ACETATE FEMA 1-15 |
| OLEIC-ACID FEMA 1-30 |
| PALMITIC-ACID FEMA 1 |
| P-CYMENE FEMA 12-250 |
| STEARIC-ACID FEMA 2-4,000 |
| TERPINOLENE FEMA 15-60 |
|
| Fungicide | Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. |
| Chemicals (15) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| CAMPHOR ED50=2.7 mM |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID |
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
| CITRAL MIC 625 ug/ml |
| CITRONELLOL |
| CUMINALDEHYDE |
| GERANIAL |
| GERANIOL IC93=2 mM |
| MYRCENE |
| P-CYMENE |
| SCLAREOL IC100=80 uM |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
| TERPINOLENE |
|
| Fungiphilic | J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. |
|
|
| Fungistat | |
|
|
| Gastroprotective | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Glaucomagenic | |
|
|
| Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor | |
|
|
| Glutathionigenic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
|
| Gonadotrophic | Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Gram(+)icide | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Gram(-)icide | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| GST-Inducer | |
|
|
| Hemolytic | Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| PALMITIC-ACID |
|
| Hepatoprotective | Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 211. |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID 1-100 ug/ml |
|
| Hepatotonic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Herbicide | Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. |
| Chemicals (10) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE IC50=78 uM |
| ALPHA-PINENE IC50=30 uM |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CAMPHOR IC50=3.3-180 mM |
| CITRAL IC50=115 uM |
| CITRONELLOL IC50=160 uM |
| GERANIOL IC100-2,000 uM |
| LIMONENE IC50=45 uM |
| P-CYMENE IC50=50 uM |
| TERPINEN-4-OL IC50=200 mM |
|
| Histaminic | |
|
|
| Hypercholesterolemic | Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.) |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| PALMITIC-ACID |
|
| Hyperthermic | HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 45. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| PHELLANDRENE |
|
| Hypocholesterolemic | Martindale's 30th |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL 2-6 g/man/day/orl |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| STEARIC-ACID |
|
| Hypocholesterolemic? | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
|
| Hypoglycemic | Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Hypolipemic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| Hypolipidemic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL 2-6 g/day |
|
| Hypotensive | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Hypothermic | |
|
|
| Immunomodulator | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| LIMONENE |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Immunostimulant | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Immunosuppressant | |
|
|
| Inflammatory | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE inj |
|
| Insect-Repellent | |
|
|
| Insecticide | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE 0.82 uM/fly |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL 1.29 uM/fly |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
| LIMONENE 0.37 uM/fly |
|
| Insectifuge | Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
| Chemicals (15) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-PINENE 50 ppm |
| BENZALDEHYDE 50 ppm |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CAMPHENE |
| CAMPHOR |
| DELTA-3-CARENE |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE |
| GERANIOL 50 ppm |
| LIMONENE |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| MYRCENE |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| P-CYMENE |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Insectiphile | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| GERANIOL |
| GERANYL-ACETATE |
|
| Interleukin-6-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Irritant | Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. |
| Chemicals (15) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CAMPHOR |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID |
| CITRONELLOL |
| CUMINALDEHYDE |
| DELTA-3-CARENE |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE |
| LIMONENE |
| MYRCENE |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| P-CYMENE |
| PHELLANDRENE |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Larvicide | Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CUMINALDEHYDE |
|
| Laxative | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
|
|
| Leucocytogenic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Lipolytic | |
|
|
| Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID IC50=0.18 mM |
|
| Lubricant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| PALMITIC-ACID |
| STEARIC-ACID |
|
| MAO-Inhibitor | |
|
|
| Metastatic | Science News, 146: 421. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
|
| MMP-9-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID IC80=10 uM |
|
| Mosquitofuge | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL > Deet |
|
| Motor-Depressant | Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| LINALYL-ACETATE |
|
| Musculotropic | Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
|
| Mycobactericide | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL MIC=64 ug/ml |
|
| Myorelaxant | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| CITRAL 200 mg/kg |
| LIMONENE 50 mg/kg |
| MYRCENE 100-200 mg/kg |
|
| Narcotic | Merck 11th Edition |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BENZALDEHYDE |
|
| Nematicide | Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. |
| Chemicals (12) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
| BENZALDEHYDE MLC=1 mg/ml |
| CAMPHOR MLC=1 mg/ml |
| CITRAL IC52=100 ug/ml |
| CITRONELLOL MLC=100 ug/ml |
| GERANIOL IC86=100 ug/ml |
| LIMONENE IC=100 ug/ml |
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| NEROLIDOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
| PALMITIC-ACID |
| TERPINEN-4-OL MLC=1 mg/ml |
|
| Nematistat | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BUTYRIC-ACID 880 ug/ml |
|
| Neuroprotective | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Neurotoxic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| NF-kB-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| NO-Genic | |
|
|
| NO-Inhibitor | |
|
|
| Occuloirritant | |
|
|
| Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| LIMONENE ~750 mg/kg (diet) |
| TANNIN |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Ozone-Scavenger | |
|
|
| P450-2B1-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE IC50=0.087 uM |
| CAMPHOR IC50=7.89 uM |
| CITRAL IC50=1.19 uM |
| MYRCENE IC50=0.14 uM |
|
| P450-Inducer | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Pediculicide | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE 2.3 x pyrethrin |
|
| Percutaneostimulant | Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990. |
|
|
| Perfume | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Perfumery | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (22) |
|---|
| 3-OCTANOL |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-MYRCENE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CADINENE |
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| CUMINALDEHYDE |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE |
| GERANIOL |
| GERANYL-ACETATE |
| LINALYL-ACETATE |
| MYRCENE |
| NEROL |
| NEROLIDOL |
| NERYL-ACETATE |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| SCLAREOL |
| STEARIC-ACID |
| TERPINOLENE |
|
| Peristaltic | |
|
|
| Pesticide | |
| Chemicals (36) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| BUTYRIC-ACID |
| CADINENE |
| CAMPHENE |
| CAMPHOR |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID |
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| CUMINALDEHYDE |
| DELTA-3-CARENE |
| GAMMA-TERPINENE |
| GERANIAL |
| GERANIOL |
| GERMACRENE-D |
| LIMONENE |
| MANOOL |
| MYRCENE |
| NERAL |
| NEROL |
| NEROLIDOL |
| NERYL-ACETATE |
| PALMITIC-ACID |
| P-CYMENE |
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
| SCLAREOL |
| TANNIN |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
| TERPINOLENE |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Phagocytotic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| Pheromone | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERMACRENE-D |
|
| Photosensitizer | Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. |
|
|
| Piscicide | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Potassium-Sparing | Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID 3 mg/rat |
|
| Propecic | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| LINOLEIC-ACID |
| OLEIC-ACID |
| PALMITIC-ACID |
| STEARIC-ACID |
|
| Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID igs mus |
|
| Prostatitigenic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CITRAL 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms |
|
| Protease-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID IC85=18 ug/ml |
|
| Protisticide | Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Psychotropic | Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990. |
|
|
| Quinone-Reductase-Inducer | Lee, S. K., Song, Y., Mata-Greenwood, E., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V. E., Pezzuto, J. M. 1999. Modulation of in vitro Biomarkers of the Carcinogenic Process by Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Res., 19: 35-44. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID 5 ug/ml |
|
| Radioprotective | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ROSMARINIC-ACID |
|
| Renoirritant | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Respirainhibitor | Merck 11th Edition |
|
|
| Respirastimulant | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
|
|
| Rubefacient | Martindale's 29th |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| CAMPHOR |
|
| Secretogogue | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Sedative | Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) |
| Chemicals (14) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BENZALDEHYDE |
| CITRAL ED 1-32 mg/kg |
| CITRONELLOL |
| CUMINALDEHYDE |
| GERANIOL |
| GERANYL-ACETATE |
| LIMONENE ED=1-32 mg/kg |
| LINALYL-ACETATE |
| NEROL |
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Soap | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| PALMITIC-ACID |
|
| Sodium-Sparing | Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID 3 mg/rat |
|
| Spasmogenic | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CAMPHENE |
| PHELLANDRENE |
|
| Spasmolytic | |
|
|
| Spermicide | Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
| TERPINEN-4-OL ED100=0.015 |
|
| Stimulant | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
|
|
| Suppository | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| STEARIC-ACID |
|
| Surfactant | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| Teratogenic | |
|
|
| Termiticide | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL IC100=5 mg/g |
| BENZALDEHYDE LD100=5 mg/g |
| NERAL LD100=5 mg/g |
|
| Termitifuge | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
|
|
| Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
|
| TOPO-2-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Tranquilizer | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
|
| Transdermal | |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CAMPHOR |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Trichomonicide | |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE LD100=1,000 ug/ml |
| CITRAL LD100=150 ug/ml |
| CITRONELLOL LD100=300 ug/ml |
| GERANIOL LD100=300 ug/ml |
| NEROL ED100=300 ug/ml |
| P-CYMENE LD100=50 ug/ml |
|
| Trypanocide | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Tumor-Promoter | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| PHELLANDRENE |
|
| Tyrosinase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BENZALDEHYDE ID50=820 uM |
| CITRAL ID50=1.5 mM |
| CUMINALDEHYDE ID50=0.05 mM |
|
| Ubiquiot | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL |
|
| Ulcerogenic | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BETA-SITOSTEROL 500 mg/kg ipr rat |
| CUMINALDEHYDE |
|
| Uterotonic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
|
| Vasopressor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| OLEANOLIC-ACID |
| URSOLIC-ACID |
|
| Verrucolytic | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
|
|
| Vibriocide | Wealth of India. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CAMPHOR 500 ug/ml |
|
| Vulnerary | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-91. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-BISABOLOL ED50=228 ug/g mus |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL ED50=240 ug/g mus |
| TERPINEN-4-OL |
|
| Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor | |
|
|