Data Views

Activities: 351
All Chemicals: 77
  CSV  Excel  PDF
Click on column headings to sort table by that column
Chemical Low PPM High PPM StdDev *Reference
BUTYRIC-ACID Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Activities (6)
Anticancer Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antitumor Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Apoptotic
Bruchifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Nematistat 880 ug/mlNigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Pesticide
ISOSPATHULENOL Plant-- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
ROSMARINIC-ACID Plant-- 34000.0 0.34 Fitoterapia No.62: 166.
Activities (57)
ABeta-Inhibitor
Adenylate-Cyclase-Inhibitor
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
AntiHIV EC50=40 ug/ml
Antiaggregant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Antiallergic
Antialzheimeran
Antianaphylactic 1-100 mg/kg orlInt. J. Immunopharmacology. Vol 10: 729, 1988.
Antianaphylactic ID50=1 mg/kg ivn rat
Antianaphylactic ID50=10 mg/kg ims rat
Antiatherosclerotic IC50=0.74 uM
Antibacterial Planta Medica, 55: 663.
Anticoagulant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Anticomplementary 1/2 aspirin
Anticomplementary 20 mg/kg ivnNewall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Antidepressant
Antiedemic 0.316-3.16 mg/kg imsInt. J. Immunopharmacology. Vol 10: 729, 1988.
Antigonadotropic
Antihemolytic IC70=5-10 um/lInt. J. Immunopharmacology. Vol 10: 729, 1988.
Antihepatotoxic
Antiherpetic 50 ug/mlVlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.
Antiherpetic EC50=20 ug/ml
Antihyperthyroid
Antiinflammatory IC~58=1,000 uM
Antiintegrase 10 ug/ml
Antileukotriene
Antilipoperoxidant
Antimutagenic
Antinephritic
Antioxidant EC50=2.7 ug/mlParveen, N. 1991. Antifilarial Activity of Vitex negundo Against Setaria cervi. Fitoterapia, 62(2): 163, 1991.
Antioxidant 10 uM
Antioxidant (LDL) IC50=0.74 uM
Antiplaque
Antiproliferant
Antiprostaglandin 20 mg/kg ivnNewall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Antiproteolytic IC50=0.9 mol lHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Antipulmonotic Tyler, V.E.. 1994.
Antiradicular
Antishock Int. J. Immunopharmacology. Vol 10: 735, 1988.
Antithyreotropic
Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.
Antiuremic
Antiviral EC50=40 ug/ml
Anxiolytic
Apoptotic
COX-1-Inhibitor IC58=1,000 uM
COX-2-Inhibitor IC>58=1,000 uM
Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Cytotoxic TC50=100-150 ug/ml
Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.
Immunomodulator
Immunostimulant
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor
Neuroprotective
Pesticide
Radioprotective
CITRONELLOL Plant-- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Activities (15)
Allergenic
Antibacterial
Antiseptic
Antistaphylococcic
Antistreptococcic
Candidicide
FLavor FEMA 1-50Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide HerbalGram No. 17.
Herbicide IC50=160 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Nematicide MLC=100 ug/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Perfumery Merck 11th Edition
Pesticide
Sedative Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)
Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml
VALERIC-ACID-ESTER Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
BETA-SITOSTEROL Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (47)
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic Martindale's 28th
Antiadenomic Merck 11th Edition
Antiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.
Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
Anticancer (Cervix)
Anticancer (Lung)
Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl
Antiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiinflammatory
Antileukemic
Antilymphomic
Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml
Antiophidic 2.3 mg musEconomic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.
Antioxidant IC44=10 uM
Antiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks
Antiprostatadenomic Merck 11th Edition
Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man
Antipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
Antitumor (Cervix)
Antitumor (Lung)
Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.
Apoptotic
Artemicide LC50=110 ppmJung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.
Caspase-8-Inducer
Estrogenic
Febrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Hepatoprotective
Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orlMartindale's 30th
Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orlMartindale's 28th
Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.
Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day
Pesticide
Spermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat
TRANS-LINALOL-OXIDE Plant-- -- Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 153.
ACETIC-ACID-ESTER Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
PROTEIN Seed-- 207000.0 -0.24 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
URSOLIC-ACID Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (89)
Analgesic
AntiEBV Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
AntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/mlKashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.
AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/mlKashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.
AntiHIV IC85=18 ug/ml
AntiHIV 6.7 uM
AntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5 uM
Antialzheimeran Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.
Antiarrhythmic
Antiarthritic Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.
Antibacterial
Anticancer Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.
Anticancer (Colon) Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.
Anticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Anticholestatic 28-100 mg/kg orlShukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.
Anticomplement IC100 0.1 mM/l gpgHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Anticomplement IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpgHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
Antiedemic
Antiescherichic
Antifibrosarcomic IC80=10 uM
Antihepatotoxic 5-20 mg/kg iprShukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.
Antihistaminic Tsuruga, T., Chun, Y.-T., Ebizuka, Y., and Sankawa, U. 1991. Biologically Active Constituents of Melaleuca leucadendron: Inhibitors of Induced Histamine Release from Rat Mast Cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(12): 3276-3278, 1991.
Antihyperlipidemic
Antiinflammatory 1/3 indomethacin
Antiinflammatory IC24=500 mg/kg
Antileishmanic ED50=20 uM
Antileukemic IC50=2.5-17.8 ug/ml
Antilymphomic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Antimalarial IC50=28-37 ug/ml
Antimetastatic IC80=10 uM
Antimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kg
Antinephritic IC50=6-7.5 uM
Antiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.
Antioxidant IC50=10 uM
Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml
Antiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/ml
Antiproliferative IC50=15-20 uM
Antistaphylococcic
Antithromboxane IC50=50 uM
Antitrypanosomic
Antitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.
Antitumor (Breast) 0.5% diet
Antitumor (Breast) IC50=15-20 uM
Antitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antitumor (Colon)
Antitumor (Lung)
Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antitumor (Stomach) IC50=15-20 uM
Antitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antitumor-Promoter Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.
Antiulcer Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.
Antiviral IC85=18 ug/ml
Aromatase-Inhibitor
Beta-Blocker
Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg
CNS-Depressant
COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=130 uM/
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidicide
Cardioprotective
Cardiotonic
Choleretic 5-20 mg/kg orlShukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.
Cytotoxic 50 ppm
Cytotoxic ED50=3.75 ug/ml
Cytotoxic 7.2 uM
Diuretic
Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM
Hepatoprotective 1-100 ug/ml
Hepatoprotective 10 mg/kg
Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.
Hypotensive
Immunomodulator
Leucocytogenic
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.18 mM
MMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10 uM
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
Pesticide
Piscicide
Potassium-Sparing 3 mg/ratIwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
Protease-Inhibitor IC85=18 ug/ml
Protisticide Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992.
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 ug/mlLee, S. K., Song, Y., Mata-Greenwood, E., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V. E., Pezzuto, J. M. 1999. Modulation of in vitro Biomarkers of the Carcinogenic Process by Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Res., 19: 35-44.
Sodium-Sparing 3 mg/ratIwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
TOPO-2-Inhibitor
Trypanocide
Vasopressor
N-PENTANOL Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
BETA-PINENE Plant-- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Activities (13)
Allergenic
Antiinflammatory
Antiseptic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Antispasmodic
Candidicide
FLavor FEMA 15-600Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Herbicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
Spasmogenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Transdermal
TRANS-BETA-TERPINEOL Plant-- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3-OCTANOL Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (2)
FLavor FEMAAloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
PROPIONIC-ACID-ESTER Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CIS-LINALOL-OXIDE Plant-- -- Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 153.
N-NONANOL Plant-- -- List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
BETA-MYRCENE Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Activities (2)
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Perfumery Merck 11th Edition
1,8-CINEOLE Plant-- -- Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986.
Activities (67)
(-)-Chronotropic 87 nl/mlHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
(-)-Inotropic 87 nl/mlHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Acaricide LC100=6 uM
Allelopathic
Allergenic
Anesthetic
Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=41 ug/ml
Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569.
Antibacterial 50 ppm
Antibronchitic
Anticariogenic
Anticatarrh Martindale's 29th
Anticholinesterase IC50=50-70
Antifatigue
Antihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993.
Antiinflammatory
Antilaryngitic
Antinociceptive
Antipharyngitic
Antiplaque
Antirheumatic
Antirhinitic
Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antisinusitic
Antispasmodic
Antistaphylococcic 50 ppm
Antitussive
Antiulcer
CNS-Stimulant
Candidicide
Carcinogenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Choleretic
Convulsant
Counterirritant Martindale's 29th
Cytochrome-P450-Inducer
Decongestant
Degranulant 0.3 ul/ml
Dentifrice Martindale's 29th
Edemagenic inj
Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
FLavor FEMA 1-200Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide
Gastroprotective
Gram(+)icide
Gram(-)icide
Hepatotonic
Herbicide IC50=78 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Hypotensive
Inflammatory inj
Insectifuge
Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Neurotoxic
P450-Inducer
Pediculicide 2.3 x pyrethrin
Perfume Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
Rubefacient Martindale's 29th
Secretogogue
Sedative
Spasmogenic
Surfactant
Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer
Transdermal
Trichomonicide LD100=1,000 ug/ml
PHELLANDRENE Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Activities (4)
Hyperthermic HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 45.
Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
Spasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
Tumor-Promoter
BETA-GURJUENE Plant-- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
TRANS-ALLO-OCIMENE Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
(2S,5E)-EPOXYCARYOPHYLL-5-EN-12-AL Plant-- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
CIS-ALLO-OCIMENE Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
PALMITIC-ACID Seed-- 22419.0 -0.24 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (13)
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
Antialopecic
Antiandrogenic
Antifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.
Antioxidant IC40=60
FLavor FEMA 1Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Hemolytic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
Hypercholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Pesticide
Propecic
Soap Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
MANOOL Plant-- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Activities (2)
Pesticide
Termitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
(2R,5E)-EPOXYCARYOPHYLL-5-ENE Plant-- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL Plant-- -- *
LINOLENIC-ACID Seed-- 161100.0 2.23 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
BENZALDEHYDE Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Activities (24)
Allergenic
Anesthetic
Antibacterial
Anticancer
Antimutagenic
Antipeptic
Antiseptic
Antispasmodic
Antitumor
Candidicide
FLavor FEMA 150-800Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Immunostimulant
Insecticide Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Insectifuge 50 ppmJ. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986.
Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
Narcotic Merck 11th Edition
Nematicide MLC=1 mg/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Pesticide
Sedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
Termiticide LD100=5 mg/g
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=820 uM
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=87 ug/ml
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=0.82 mM
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=830 uM
FURFUROL Plant-- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
(2R,5E)-EPOXYCARYOPHYLL-5-EN-12-AL Plant-- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
CEROTINIC-ACID Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
OLEIC-ACID Seed-- 69006.0 -0.41 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (18)
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
Allergenic
Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
Anemiagenic
Antialopecic
Antiandrogenic
Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM
Antileukotriene-D4 IC50=21 uM
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Choleretic 5 ml/man
Dermatitigenic
FLavor FEMA 1-30Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Hypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Irritant Merck 11th Edition
Percutaneostimulant Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Propecic
LINOLEIC-ACID Seed-- 53488.0 -0.46 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (27)
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
AntiMS Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antiacne
Antialopecic
Antianaphylactic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antiandrogenic
Antiarteriosclerotic
Antiarthritic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Anticoronary Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antieczemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.
Antigranular
Antihistaminic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Antiinflammatory IC50=31 uM
Antileukotriene-D4 IC50=31 uM
Antimenorrhagic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antiprostatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carcinogenic Science News, 146: 421.
Comedolytic
Hepatoprotective
Hypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
Immunomodulator Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Metastatic Science News, 146: 421.
Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Propecic
BEHENIC-ACID Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (1)
Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
TANNIN Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (35)
Anthelmintic
AntiHIV
Antibacterial
Anticancer
Anticariogenic
Antidiarrheic
Antidysenteric
Antihepatotoxic
Antihypertensive
Antilipolytic
Antimutagenic
Antinephritic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.
Antiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.
Antioxidant IC50=1.44 ug/ml
Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin
Antiradicular 500 mg/kg/day orl musUchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.
Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin
Antirenitic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.
Antitumor
Antitumor-Promoter
Antiulcer
Antiviral
Cancer-Preventive HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.
Carcinogenic
Chelator
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor
Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor
Hepatoprotective
Immunosuppressant
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor
MAO-Inhibitor
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor
Pesticide
Psychotropic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.
Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor
FAT Seed-- 318000.0 0.28 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
(1R,5R)-EPOXYSALVIAL-4(14)-EN-1-ONE Plant-- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE Plant-- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Activities (8)
Antiedemic Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.
Antifeedant Bettarini, F., Borgonovi, G.E., et al. 1991. Antiparasitic Compounds from East African Plants: Isolation and Biological Activity of Anonaine, Matricarianol, Canthin-6-One and Caryophyllene Oxide. Insect Sci. Applic. 14(1): 93-99, 1993.
Antiinflammatory Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.
Antitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992.
Calcium-Antagonist ED50=32 uM gpg
Fungicide
Insecticide Bettarini, F., Borgonovi, G.E., et al. 1991. Antiparasitic Compounds from East African Plants: Isolation and Biological Activity of Anonaine, Matricarianol, Canthin-6-One and Caryophyllene Oxide. Insect Sci. Applic. 14(1): 93-99, 1993.
Pesticide
OLEANOLIC-ACID Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (64)
Abortifacient
AntiHIV IC50=21.8 ug/ml
AntiHIV EC50=1.7 ug/mlKashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.
AntiPGE2 IC50=24 uM
AntiTGF-beta IC50=19-24 uM
Antiallergic
Antiarrhythmic 40 mg/kg
Antiatherosclerotic
Antibacterial MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml
Anticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Anticomplement IC40-50 0.01 mM/l gpgHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Anticomplement IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpgHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Antiedemic IC36=40 mg/kg ipr rat
Antifertility
Antigingivitic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml
Antihepatotoxic
Antihyperlipidemic
Antiinflammatory 40 mg/kg iprAquino, R., De Feo, V., De Simone, F., Pizza, C.*, and Cirino, G. Plant Metabolites. New Compounds And Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Uncaria tomentosa. Journal of Natural Products, 54(2): 453-459, 1991.
Antiischemic 40 mg/kg
Antileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antileukotriene IC50=17 uM
Antimalarial IC50=70-89 ug/ml
Antinephritic IC50=19-24 uM
Antioxidant Balanehru, S. and Nagarajan, B. 1992. Intervention of Adriamycin Induced Free Radical Damage. Biochemistry International 28(4): 735-744, 1992.
Antioxidant IC46=10 uM
Antiperiodontic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml
Antiperoxidant IC30=200 ug/ml
Antiplaque MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml
Antiplasmodial IC50=70-89 ug/ml
Antisarcomic
Antiseptic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml
Antitumor
Antitumor (Breast) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antitumor (Colon) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antitumor (Kidney) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antitumor (Lung) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antitumor (Pancreas) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
Antiulcer >carbenoxolone
Antiviral EC50=1.7 ug/mlKashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.
Antiviral IC50=21.8 ug/mlKashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.
Aromatase-Inhibitor
Beta-Blocker
Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg
COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=295 uM/
COX-2-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Cardioprotective 40 mg/kg
Cardiotonic
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor
Diuretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM
Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 211.
Hypolipemic
Hypotensive
Immunomodulator
Leucocytogenic
NF-kB-Inhibitor
Phagocytotic
Piscicide ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor igs mus
Sedative
Uterotonic
Vasopressor
ARACHIDIC-ACID Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
STEARIC-ACID Seed-- 8568.0 -0.38 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (8)
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
FLavor FEMA 2-4,000Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Hypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Propecic
Suppository Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ALPHA-BISABOLOL Plant-- -- Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986.
Activities (20)
Analgesic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Antiarthritic Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-91.
Antibacterial Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
Antiburn Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
Antiinflammatory
Antipeptic Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)
Antipyretic Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-91.
Antiseptic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Antispasmodic
Antituberculic
Antiulcer Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
Candidicide
Cicatrizant ED50=228 ug/g mus
Cosmetic Fitoterapia No.61: 254, 1990.
Fungicide Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
Musculotropic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
Protisticide
Vulnerary ED50=228 ug/g mus
CAPRYLIC-ACID Plant-- 2926.0 1.0 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (5)
Antiseptic
Candidicide 300 mg/man/12 x/day
Fungicide
Irritant
Pesticide
SCLAREOL Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (5)
Allelopathic Kouzi, S.A., and McChesney*, J.D. Microbial Models Of Mammalian Metabolism: Fungal Metabolism Of The Diterpene Sclareol By Cunninghamella Species. Journal of Natural Products, 54(2): 483-490, 1991.
Antibacterial Kouzi, S.A., and McChesney*, J.D. Microbial Models Of Mammalian Metabolism: Fungal Metabolism Of The Diterpene Sclareol By Cunninghamella Species. Journal of Natural Products, 54(2): 483-490, 1991.
Fungicide IC100=80 uMLydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
DELTA-3-CARENE Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (8)
Allergenic?
Antibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994.
Antiinflammatory iprInternat. J. Oriental Med. 15(4): 194, 1990+
Dermatitigenic
FLavor FEMAAloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Irritant
Pesticide
CAMPHOR Plant-- -- Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986.
Activities (41)
Allelopathic
Analgesic
Anesthetic
Antiacne Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Antidiarrheic 500 ug/mlWealth of India.
Antidysenteric 500 ug/mlWealth of India.
Antiemetic 100-200 mg man orlHuang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Antifeedant IC50=5,000 ppm dietLydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Antifibrositic Martindale's 28th
Antineuralgic Martindale's 28th
Antipruritic Merck 11th Edition
Antiseptic Merck 11th Edition
Antispasmodic ED50=0.075 mg/mlFitoterapia No.59-1984.
CNS-Stimulant
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.
Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Counterirritant Martindale's 28th
Decongestant Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Deliriant Merck 11th Edition
Ecbolic
Emetic
Epileptigenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Expectorant Martindale's 29th
Fungicide ED50=2.7 mMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Herbicide IC50=3.3-180 mMLydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Insect-Repellent
Insectifuge
Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Nematicide MLC=1 mg/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Occuloirritant
P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=7.89 uM
Pesticide
Respirainhibitor Merck 11th Edition
Respirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Rubefacient
Stimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.
Transdermal
Verrucolytic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Vibriocide 500 ug/mlWealth of India.
NEROLIDOL Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Activities (11)
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
Allergenic
Antiacne
Antibacterial MIC=25-200 ug/mlMuroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Anticariogenic MIC=25-200 ug/mlMuroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Antifeedant 1 mM (diet)Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Antistreptococcic
FLavor FEMA 1-10Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Nematicide MLC=1 mg/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
CADINENE Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (4)
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
FLavor FEMA 400-4,000Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
LIGNOCERIC-ACID Plant-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (1)
Antihepatotoxic
SALVIA-4(14)-EN-1-ONE Plant-- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
CUMINALDEHYDE Plant-- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Activities (10)
Antibacterial
FLavor FEMA <1Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide Singh*, G., Upadhyay, R.K. 1990. Fungitoxic Activity of Cumaldehyde, Main Constituent of the Cuminum cyminum Oil. Fitoterapia 62(1): 86, 1991.
Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Larvicide Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
Sedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=0.05 mM
Ulcerogenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
CAMPHENE Plant-- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Activities (9)
Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
Antilithic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.
Expectorant Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
FLavor FEMA 15-175Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Hypocholesterolemic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
Spasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
ALPHA-PINENE Plant-- 3.0 -0.48 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (28)
Allelochemic
Allergenic
Antiacne
Antibacterial
Antifeedant
Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg
Antipneumonic
Antiseptic
Antispasmodic
Antistaphylococcic
Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Coleoptophile
Expectorant Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp.
FLavor FEMA 15-150Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Herbicide IC50=30 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly
Insectifuge 50 ppm
Insectiphile J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986.
Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
Sedative Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.
Spasmogenic
Tranquilizer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.
Transdermal
NERAL Plant0.4 340.0 -0.45 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (4)
Antibacterial Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
Antispasmodic
Pesticide
Termiticide LD100=5 mg/g
LIMONENE Plant0.4 12.0 -0.48 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (60)
AChE-Inhibitor Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Acaricide LC100=8 uM
Allelochemic
Allergenic 1/20th carene
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM
Antiadenomic
Antialzheimeran? Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Antiasthmatic
Antibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994.
Anticancer
Antiesophagitic
Antifeedant
Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
Antiinflammatory
Antilithic
Antilymphomic
Antimetastatic (Stomach)
Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
Antiobesity
Antiseptic
Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/mlFitoterapia No.59-1984.
Antitumor
Antitumor (Breast)
Antitumor (Colon)
Antitumor (Pancreas)
Antitumor (Prostate)
Antitumor (Stomach)
Antiviral
Apoptotic
Bronchoprotectant
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidistat
Chemopreventive
Cholesterolytic
Detoxicant
Enterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.
Expectorant
FLavor
Fungiphilic J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.
Fungistat
GST-Inducer
Herbicide IC50=45 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Histaminic
Immunomodulator
Insecticide 0.37 uM/fly
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor
Irritant
Lipolytic
Myorelaxant 50 mg/kg
NO-Genic
Nematicide IC=100 ug/mlNigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750 mg/kg (diet)
Ozone-Scavenger
P450-Inducer
Peristaltic
Pesticide
Photosensitizer Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kgWagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)
Transdermal
GERANIAL Plant0.8 580.0 -0.47 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (13)
AntiEBV IC50=16 uM
Antiaflatoxin
Antibacterial Onawunmi, G.O., Yisak, W-A., Ogunlana,* E.O. 1984. Antibacterial Constituents In The Essential Oil Of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 12: 279-286, 1984.
Antitumor (Colon)
Antitumor (Skin)
Antiviral IC50=16 uM
Antiyeast
Chemopreventive
Estrogenic
Fungicide
Glutathionigenic
Pesticide
Spasmolytic
MYRCENE Plant1.0 42.0 -0.43 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (22)
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/mlOkamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
Allergenic
Analgesic Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991.
Antibacterial
Anticonvulsant
Antimutagenic Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991.
Antinitrosaminic
Antinociceptive 10-20 mg/kg ipr musRao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990.
Antinociceptive 20-40 mg/kg scu musRao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990.
Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.
Antispasmodic Jim Duke's personal files.
Chemopreventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
FLavor FEMA 0.5-9Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Hypothermic
Insectifuge
Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Myorelaxant 100-200 mg/kg
P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.14 uM
Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE Plant1.0 30.0 -0.79 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 153.
TERPINOLENE Plant1.0 12.0 -0.63 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (9)
Allelochemic
Antifeedant
Antinitrosaminic
Antioxidant
Deodorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
FLavor FEMA 15-60Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
GAMMA-TERPINENE Plant1.0 21.0 -0.53 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (11)
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity)
Acaricide
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/mlOkamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC23=1.2 mM
Antifeedant Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.
FLavor FEMA 1-40Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
P-CYMENE Plant1.0 27.0 -0.41 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (16)
Analgesic Martindale's 28th
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC40=1.2 mM
Antibacillary
Antibacterial
Antiflu
Antirheumatalgic Martindale's 28th
Antiviral
FLavor FEMA 12-250Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Herbicide IC50=50 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Laxative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Pesticide
Sedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Trichomonicide LD100=50 ug/ml
TERPINEN-4-OL Plant1.0 6.0 -0.28 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (23)
Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC21-24=1.2 mM
Antiacne
Antiallergic
Antiasthmatic Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis., 4:203, 1982.
Antibacterial
Antioxidant
Antiseptic Flav. & Frag. J. 9: 129.
Antispasmodic
Antitussive Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis.
Antiulcer
Bacteriostatic Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis.
Diuretic 0.1 ml/rat
Fungicide
Herbicide IC50=200 mMLydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Herbicide IC50=22 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insectifuge
Irritant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Nematicide MLC=1 mg/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Pesticide
Renoirritant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Spermicide ED100=0.015
Vulnerary Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-91.
LINALYL-ACETATE Plant1.0 3750.0 1.23 *
Activities (7)
Anesthetic 0.01-1 ug/ml
Antioxidant 400 ppm
Antispasmodic ED50=0.21 mg/mlFitoterapia No.59-1984.
FLavor FEMA 2-15Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
Perfumery Merck 11th Edition
Sedative
ALPHA-TERPINYL-ACETATE Plant1.0 155.0 -0.21 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
ALPHA-TERPINEOL Plant1.0 155.0 -0.36 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (23)
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity)
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/mlOkamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
Antiacne
Antibacterial MIC=800-1,600 ug/mlMuroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Anticariogenic MIC=800-1,600 ug/mlMuroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Antiinflammatory
Antiproliferant
Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Cicatrizant ED50=240 ug/g mus
FLavor FEMA 5-40Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Insecticide 1.29 uM/fly
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor
Mosquitofuge > Deet
Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
Nematicide MLC=1 mg/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
Sedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
Termiticide IC100=5 mg/g
Transdermal
Vulnerary ED50=240 ug/g mus
CIS-BETA-OCIMENE Plant2.4 24.0 1.0 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
GERMACRENE-D Plant3.0 312.0 -0.16 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (2)
Pesticide
Pheromone
TRANS-BETA-OCIMENE Plant4.4 42.0 1.0 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
NEROL Plant6.0 280.0 -0.26 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (10)
Antibacterial HerbalGram No. 17.
Antihelicobacter
Antiseptic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Antiulcer
Estrogenic
FLavor FEMA 1-20Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Perfumery Merck 11th Edition
Pesticide
Sedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Trichomonicide ED100=300 ug/ml
NERYL-ACETATE Plant6.0 144.0 -0.35 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (5)
Antiflu
Antiviral
FLavor FEMA 1-15Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
LINALOL Plant7.0 930.0 -0.22 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 153.
GERANYL-ACETATE Plant20.0 1150.0 0.82 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (5)
Allergenic
FLavor FEMA 1-20Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Insectiphile Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Sedative Jim Duke's personal files.
GERANIOL Plant22.0 735.0 -0.32 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (35)
Allergenic
Anthelmintic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus.
Antibacterial MIC=400 ug/mlMuroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Antibacterial MIC=64 ug/ml
Antibacterial MBC=800 ug/ml
Anticancer (Pancreas) IC50=265 uM
Anticariogenic MIC=400 ug/mlMuroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Antimelanomic IC50=150 uM/l
Antisalmonella MIC=400 ug/ml
Antiseptic 7 x phenolWagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)
Antiseptic MIC=64 ug/ml
Antiseptic 400-800 ug/ml
Antispasmodic Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz*, L., Nikiforov, A., Remberg, G., Raverdino, V. 1989. Headspace-Analysis and Aroma Compounds of Austrian Hay-Blossoms (Flores Graminis, Graminis Flos) used in Aromatherapy. J. Ess. Oil Res., 2: 185-191, 1990.
Antitubercular MIC=64 ug/ml
Antitumor Yu, S.G., Anderson, P.J., and Elson, C.E. 1995. Efficacy of B-Ionone in the Chemoprevention of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2144-2147.
Antitumor (Pancreas) IC50=265 uM
Ascaricide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus.
CNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidicide
Embryotoxic
Emetic 3 x ipecacLawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-97.
Expectorant Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus.
FLavor FEMA 1-10Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide IC93=2 mMLydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Herbicide IC100-2,000 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insectifuge 50 ppm
Insectiphile Merck 11th Edition
Mycobactericide MIC=64 ug/ml
Nematicide IC86=100 ug/mlNigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Nematicide MLC=1,000 ug/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Perfumery Merck 11th Edition
Pesticide
Sedative
Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml
CITRAL Plant75.0 920.0 -0.67 Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 154.
Activities (53)
Allergenic
Antiallergenic
Antiallergic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Antianaphylactic
Antibacterial
Anticancer
Antihelicobacter
Antiherpetic
Antihistaminic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Antiinflammatory
Antileishmanic
Antioxidant
Antiseptic 5.2 x phenol
Antishock Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Antispasmodic
Antitumor
Antitumor (Colon)
Antitumor (Liver)
Antitumor (Skin)
Antiulcer
Antiviral
Apoptotic
Barbituate-Synergist
Bronchorelaxant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Calcium-Antagonist
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carcinogenic
Caspase-3-Inducer
Chemopreventive
Cytotoxic
Estrogenic
Expectorant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
FLavor FEMA 4-170Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide MIC 625 ug/ml
Glaucomagenic
Glutathionigenic
Herbicide IC50=115 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Myorelaxant 200 mg/kg
NF-kB-Inhibitor
NO-Inhibitor
Nematicide IC52=100 ug/mlNigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
Nematicide MLC=100-260 ug/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.19 uM
Perfumery Merck 11th Edition
Pesticide
Prostatitigenic 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms
Sedative ED 1-32 mg/kgWagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)
Sedative 1 mg/kg
Teratogenic
Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml
Trypanocide
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1.5 mM
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1,500 uM
EO Plant400.0 5000.0 -0.36 *
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.