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All Chemicals: 24
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Chemical Low PPM High PPM StdDev *Reference
EO Resin, Exudate, Sap200000.0 250000.0 1.23 *
L-ALPHA-PINENE Resin, Exudate, Sap123000.0 189000.0 Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
L-BETA-PINENE Resin, Exudate, Sap42400.0 85000.0 *
WATER Resin, Exudate, Sap-- 20000.0 -1.51 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
EO Leaf-- 3000.0 -0.75 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CAMPHENE Leaf-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (9)
Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
Antilithic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.
Expectorant Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
FLavor FEMA 15-175Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Hypocholesterolemic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
Spasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
METHYLCREOSOL Plant-- -- *
BETA-PINENE Leaf-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (13)
Allergenic
Antiinflammatory
Antiseptic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Antispasmodic
Candidicide
FLavor FEMA 15-600Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Herbicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide
Spasmogenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Transdermal
BORNEOL Leaf-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (35)
(-)-Chronotropic 29 ug/mlHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
(-)-Inotropic 29 ug/mlHansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Allelochemic
Analgesic
Antiacetylcholine Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Antibacterial MIC=125-250 ug/ml
Antibronchitic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiescherichic MIC=125 ug/ml
Antifeedant
Antiinflammatory
Antiotitic
Antipyretic
Antisalmonella MIC=125 ug/ml
Antispasmodic ED50=0.008 mg/ml
Antistaphylococcic MIC=250 ug/ml
Antiyeast MIC=250 ug/ml
CNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
CNS-Toxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Candidicide MIC=250 ug/ml
Choleretic
FLavor FEMA<1Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide
Hepatoprotective
Herbicide IC50=470 mMLydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Herbicide IC50=470 uMKeeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.
Inhalant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Insect-Repellent
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Nematicide MLC=1 mg/mlShoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
Sedative Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)
Tranquilizer
ABIETIC-ACID Resin, Exudate, Sap-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (3)
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Protisticide
Schistosomicide
XYLENE Plant-- -- *
ISOPIMARIC-ACID Resin, Exudate, Sap-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (2)
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
TRANS-COMMUNIC-ACID Plant-- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
GUAIACOL Plant-- -- *
Activities (18)
Anesthetic
Antibacterial 8,000 ppmValnet, J. 1982. The Practice of Aromatherapy. Translated from the 1980 French Edition by Robin Campbell and Libby Houston. Destiny Books, New York. 279 pp.
Antidermatitic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antieczemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiesophagitic Martindale's 29th
Antiseptic Martindale's 29th
Antituberculic
Cardiodepressant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Cardiotonic
Dermal Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Emetic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Expectorant 0.3-0.6 ml/manMartindale's 28th
FLavor FEMA <1-1Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Irritant
Pesticide
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor IC50=57 uMAlanko, J., et al. 1999. Modulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism by Phenols: Relation to their Structure and Antioxidant/Proooxidant Properties. Free Radical Biol Med, 26(1/2): 193-201.
Transdermal Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
TOLUENE Plant-- -- *
Activities (1)
Encephalopathic Martindale's 29th
SANDARACOPIMARIC-ACID Plant-- -- *
Activities (2)
Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
PIMARIC-ACID Resin, Exudate, Sap-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
DIPENTENE Resin, Exudate, Sap-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (7)
Allergenic
Antibacterial Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Antiviral Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
Sedative Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
PHENOL Plant-- -- *
Activities (26)
Analgesic Martindale's 29th
Anesthetic
AntiMS Martindale's 29th
Antibacterial
Antihemorrhoidal Martindale's 28th
Antihydrocoele Martindale's 29th
Antiincontinence Martindale's 29th
Antionychogryphotic Martindale's 28th
Antiotitic Martindale's 28th
Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.
Antiprostatitic Martindale's 29th
Antipyruvetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Antiseptic
Antisinusitic Martindale's 28th
Antispastic Martindale's 28th
Antiviral Martindale's 29th
Antiwrinkle Martindale's 28th
CNS-Depressant Martindale's 29th
Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Carcinogenic
Emetic Martindale's 29th
Fungicide Martindale's 29th
Hemolytic 5,400 ppmMartindale's 28th
Pesticide
Rodenticide LD50=1,040 cut rat
Vasodilator
DEHYDROABIETIC-ACID Resin, Exudate, Sap-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (5)
Allergenic Mitchell, J. and Rook, A.J. 1923. Botanical Dermatology: plants and plant products injurious to the skin. Vancouver: Greengrass, 1979. xiii, 787 p.: ill.
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
Protisticide
Schistosomicide Farnsworth, N.R. and Cordell, G.A. A Review of Some Biologically Active Compounds Isolated From Plants as Reported in the 1974-1975 Literature. J. Nat. Prod. 39: 420, 1976.
PALUSTRIC-ACID Resin, Exudate, Sap-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CREOSOL Plant-- -- *
Activities (2)
Expectorant
FLavor FEMA 0.02-20Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
NEOABIETIC-ACID Resin, Exudate, Sap-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (4)
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Pesticide
Protisticide
Schistosomicide
CADINENE Leaf-- -- CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Activities (4)
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
FLavor FEMA 400-4,000Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pesticide
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.