| (-)-Chronotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BORNEOL 29 ug/ml |
|
| (-)-Inotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BORNEOL 29 ug/ml |
|
| Abortifacient | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-BISABOLENE |
|
| Acaricide | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| CITRONELLAL |
| EUGENOL LD50=5.47 ug/sq cm cf DEET at 37.59 ug/sq cm |
| FORMIC-ACID |
| LIMONENE LC100=8 uM |
| MENTHONE |
|
| ACE-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
| MYRCENE 100 ug/ml |
|
| AChE-Inhibitor | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
|
|
| Acidulant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
|
| Addictive | Science News, 145: 294. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETALDEHYDE 8 ug/kg |
|
| Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| DELTA-CADINENE |
| MYRCENE 100 ug/ml |
|
| Allelochemic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Allelopathic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| MENTHONE |
|
| Allergenic | |
| Chemicals (14) |
|---|
| ACETONE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| ETHANOL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL |
| GERANYL-ACETATE |
| LIMONENE 1/20th carene |
| MENTHOL |
| MYRCENE |
|
| Analgesic | |
| Chemicals (7) |
|---|
| BORNEOL |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| EUGENOL |
| MENTHOL |
| MENTHONE |
| MYRCENE |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Anesthetic | Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ETHANOL 4,000 orl cat |
| EUGENOL 200-400 |
| MENTHOL 2,000 ppm |
|
| Anhydrotic | Martindale's 29th |
|
|
| Anthelmintic | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
|
| Antiacetylcholine | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
|
|
| Antiacetylcholinesterase | |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| ISOMENTHONE IC50=1.6 mM |
| ISOPULEGOL IC50=2.0 mM |
| LIMONENE IC22-26=1.2 mM |
| MENTHOL IC50=2.0 mM |
| MENTHONE IC50=1.4 mM |
| P-CYMENE IC40=1.2 mM |
|
| Antiacne | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| DELTA-CADINENE |
|
| Antiadenomic | |
|
|
| Antiaflatoxin | |
|
|
| Antiaggregant | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| EUGENOL IC50=0.3 uM |
| MENTHOL IC50=750 |
| MENTHONE IC50=750 |
|
| Antiallergenic | |
|
|
| Antiallergic | J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| MENTHOL |
| MENTHONE |
|
| Antialzheimeran? | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
|
|
| Antianaphylactic | |
|
|
| Antiarachidonate | |
|
|
| Antiasthmatic | Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Antiatherosclerotic | |
|
|
| Antibacillary | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| MENTHONE MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Antibacillus | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| MENTHOL MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
|
| Antibacterial | |
| Chemicals (21) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID 5,000 ppm |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml |
| BORNEOL MIC=125-250 ug/ml |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| DELTA-CADINENE MIC800 ug/ml |
| ETHANOL |
| EUGENOL 500 ppm |
| GERANIAL |
| GERANIOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHOL MIC=0.625-2.5 |
| MENTHONE MIC=0.625-5 mg/ml |
| MYRCENE |
| NERAL |
| P-CYMENE |
| SABINENE |
|
| Antibronchitic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BORNEOL |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Anticancer | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| CITRAL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Anticancer (Cervix) | Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-ELEMENE |
|
| Anticancer (Pancreas) | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL IC50=265 uM |
|
| Anticariogenic | Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml |
| CARYOPHYLLENE MIC=>1,600 ug/ml |
| DELTA-CADINENE MIC800 ug/ml |
| GERANIOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
|
| Anticonvulsant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| EUGENOL |
| MYRCENE |
|
| Antidandruff | A.L.L. Hunting. Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients. Micelle Press, Cranford NJ. 467 pp. |
|
|
| Antidermatitic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
|
| Antidote | Martindale's 29th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| METHANOL #NAME? |
|
| AntiEBV | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIAL IC50=16 uM |
|
| Antiedemic | Phytotherapy Research, 4: 95. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| EUGENOL 100 |
|
| Antiescherichic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BORNEOL MIC=125 ug/ml |
| MENTHOL MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
| MENTHONE MIC=5 mg/ml |
|
| Antiesophagitic | |
|
|
| Antiestrogenic | |
|
|
| Antifeedant | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL |
| CARYOPHYLLENE 500 ppm |
| EUGENOL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Antiflu | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| LIMONENE |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Antigenotoxic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| EUGENOL 50-500 mg/kg orl mus |
|
| Antigliomic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-ELEMENE |
|
| Antihalitosic | American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. |
|
|
| Antihelicobacter | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| SABINENE |
|
| Antiherpetic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
|
| Antihistaminic | J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| MENTHOL |
| MENTHONE |
|
| AntiHIV | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| METHANOL EC50=<20 ug/ml |
|
| Antiinflammatory | Martindale's 28th |
| Chemicals (9) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE 500 mg/kg |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL |
| CARYOPHYLLENE IC50=100 uM |
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL (11 uM) IC~97=1,000 uM |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Antikeratotic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
|
| Antileishmanic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL |
|
| Antilisteria | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
| MENTHONE MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
|
| Antilithic | |
|
|
| Antilymphomic | |
|
|
| Antimalarial | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| HUMULENE IC50=86 ug/ml |
|
| Antimelanomic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL IC50=150 uM/l |
|
| Antimetastatic (Stomach) | |
|
|
| Antimitotic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
|
| Antimutagenic | Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| EUGENOL |
| LIMONENE |
| MYRCENE |
|
| Antineuralgic | |
|
|
| Antinitrosaminic | |
|
|
| Antinitrosating | |
|
|
| Antinociceptive | Rao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| MYRCENE 10-20 mg/kg ipr mus |
|
| Antiobesity | |
|
|
| Antiodontalgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
|
| Antionychyotic | Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
|
| Antiotitic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
| BORNEOL |
|
| Antioxidant | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL IC65=30 ppm |
| ISOMENTHONE |
| MYRCENE |
|
| Antiplasmodial | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| HUMULENE IC50=86 ug/ml |
|
| Antipneumonic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
|
| Antiproliferant | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-ELEMENE |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
|
| Antiprostaglandin | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| EUGENOL 11 uM |
|
| Antipruritic | Martindale's 28th |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ETHANOL |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Antipyretic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BORNEOL |
| EUGENOL 3 ml/man/day |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Antiradicular | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| EUGENOL EC50=2 ul/l |
| ISOMENTHONE |
|
| Antirheumatalgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
|
| Antirheumatic | Martindale's 28th |
|
|
| Antirhinoviral | Denyer, C.V., Jackson, P., Loakes, D.M., Ellis, M.R., and Yound, D.A.B. Isolation of Antirhinoviral Sesquiterpenes From Ginger (Zingiber officinale). Journal of Natural Products, 57(5): 658-662, 1994. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| AR-CURCUMENE IC50=1,750? |
| BETA-BISABOLENE IC50=1,800? |
|
| Antisalmonella | |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
| BORNEOL MIC=125 ug/ml |
| EUGENOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
| GERANIOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
| MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
| MENTHONE MIC=5 mg/ml |
|
| Antiseptic | Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) |
| Chemicals (15) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-PINENE |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID |
| CITRAL 5.2 x phenol |
| CITRONELLAL 3.8 x phenol |
| CITRONELLOL |
| ETHANOL |
| EUGENOL 3 ml/man/day |
| FORMIC-ACID |
| GERANIOL 7 x phenol |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHOL 4 x phenol |
| MENTHONE 2.25 x phenol |
| SABINENE |
|
| Antishock | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
|
|
| Antisinusitic | Martindale's 28th |
|
|
| Antispasmodic | |
| Chemicals (12) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL ED50=0.008 mg/ml |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE ED50=0.197 mg/ml |
| MENTHOL ED50=0.01 mg/ml |
| MENTHONE ED50=0.044 mg/ml |
| MYRCENE |
| NERAL |
|
| Antistaphylococcic | |
| Chemicals (9) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| EUGENOL |
| MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
| MENTHONE MIC=0.625-2.5 mg/ml |
|
| Antistreptococcic | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| DELTA-CADINENE |
| MENTHOL MIC=0.4 mg/ml |
|
| Antisyncopic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| FORMIC-ACID |
|
| Antitartar | |
|
|
| Antithromboxane | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jul-87. |
|
|
| AntiTNF | |
|
|
| Antitubercular | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL MIC=64 ug/ml |
|
| Antitumor | Yu, S.G., Anderson, P.J., and Elson, C.E. 1995. Efficacy of B-Ionone in the Chemoprevention of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2144-2147. |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Antitumor (Breast) | |
|
|
| Antitumor (Cervix) | Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-ELEMENE |
|
| Antitumor (Colon) | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Antitumor (Liver) | |
|
|
| Antitumor (Pancreas) | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| GERANIOL IC50=265 uM |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Antitumor (Prostate) | |
|
|
| Antitumor (Skin) | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
|
| Antitumor (Stomach) | |
|
|
| Antiulcer | Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| AR-CURCUMENE IC45=100 mg/kg |
| BETA-BISABOLENE IC57=100 mg/kg |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL |
| SABINENE |
|
| Antivaginitic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID 1-2% |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Antiviral | |
| Chemicals (8) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| AR-CURCUMENE IC50=1,750? |
| BETA-BISABOLENE IC50=1,800? |
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
| GERANIAL IC50=16 uM |
| LIMONENE |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Antivulvitic | |
|
|
| Antiyeast | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
| GERANIAL |
|
| Apifuge | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
|
|
| Apoptotic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BETA-ELEMENE |
| CITRAL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Ascaricide | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
|
| Astringent | Merck 11th Edition |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| FORMIC-ACID |
|
| Barbituate-Synergist | |
|
|
| Bradycardic | Martindale's 28th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| MENTHOL 65 mg/3 x day/woman |
|
| Bronchomucolytic | Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200. |
|
|
| Bronchomucotropic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
|
| Bronchoprotectant | |
|
|
| Bronchorelaxant | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
|
|
| Bronchorrheic | Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200. |
|
|
| Calcium-Antagonist | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL IC50=224 uM |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Cancer-Preventive | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHONE |
|
| Candidicide | |
| Chemicals (10) |
|---|
| BETA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID 300 mg/man/12 x/day |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL |
| MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
| MENTHONE MIC=2.5 mg/ml |
|
| Candidistat | |
|
|
| Carcinogenic | |
|
|
| Carcinogenic? | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
|
|
| Carminative | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| COPAENE |
| EUGENOL |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Caspase-3-Inducer | |
|
|
| Cerebrotoxic | J. Aromatherapy 4: 24. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| MENTHONE orl man |
|
| Chemopreventive | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
| LIMONENE |
| MYRCENE |
|
| Choleretic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BORNEOL |
| EUGENOL |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Cholesterolytic | |
|
|
| Cicatrizant | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL ED50=240 ug/g mus |
|
| Ciliotoxic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
|
| CNS-Depressant | Martindale's 28th |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ACETONE |
| ETHANOL |
| EUGENOL |
| MENTHOL |
|
| CNS-Stimulant | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| BORNEOL |
| GERANIOL |
| MENTHOL |
|
| CNS-Toxic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
|
| Coleoptophile | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
|
| Congestant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
|
| Convulsant | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
|
|
| Corrosive | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| FORMIC-ACID |
|
| Counterirritant | Merck 11th Edition |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| FORMIC-ACID |
| MENTHOL |
|
| COX-1-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| EUGENOL IC97=1,000 uM |
|
| COX-2-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| EUGENOL IC>97=1,000 uM |
|
| Culicide | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
|
| Cytochrome-P450-Inducer | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| DELTA-CADINENE |
|
| Cytochrome-P450-Inhibitor | Pizzorno, J. 1998. Total Wellness. Prima Health, a division of Prima. |
|
|
| Cytotoxic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| EUGENOL 25 ug/ml |
|
| Decongestant? | Eccles, R., et al. 1989. The effects of oral administration of (-)-menthol on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow in subjects suffering from nasal congestion associated with the common cold. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 652-654, 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| MENTHOL 11 mg/man |
|
| Dermal | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
|
| Dermatitigenic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| EUGENOL |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Detoxicant | |
|
|
| Diaphoretic | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
|
|
| Embryotoxic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRONELLAL |
| GERANIOL |
|
| Emetic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-97. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| GERANIOL 3 x ipecac |
| ISOAMYL-ALCOHOL |
|
| Encephalopathic | Martindale's 29th |
|
|
| Enterocontractant | J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. |
|
|
| Enterorelaxant | J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| EUGENOL |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Estrogenic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
|
| Expectorant | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
| Chemicals (8) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-PHELLANDRENE |
| CITRAL |
| ETHANOL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHOL |
|
| FLavor | |
| Chemicals (25) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE FEMA 10-130 |
| ALPHA-PINENE FEMA 15-150 |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL FEMA 5-40 |
| BETA-PINENE FEMA 15-600 |
| BORNEOL FEMA<1 |
| CARYOPHYLLENE FEMA 20-200 |
| CIS-3-HEXENOL FEMA 1-5 |
| CITRAL FEMA 4-170 |
| CITRONELLAL FEMA <1 |
| CITRONELLOL FEMA 1-50 |
| CITRONELLYL-ACETATE FEMA <1-700 |
| CITRONELLYL-FORMATE FEMA 4-100 |
| DIMETHYL-SULFIDE FEMA 0.1-2 |
| EUGENOL FEMA 10-500 |
| FORMIC-ACID FEMA 500-2,500 |
| GERANIOL FEMA 1-10 |
| GERANYL-ACETATE FEMA 1-20 |
| HEXYL-FORMATE FEMA 10-50 |
| ISOPULEGOL FEMA 5-30 |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHONE FEMA 5-50 |
| METHYL-BUTYRATE FEMA 20-100 |
| MYRCENE FEMA 0.5-9 |
| P-CYMENE FEMA 12-250 |
| PROPIONIC-ACID FEMA 1-36,000 |
|
| Fungicide | Martindale's 29th |
| Chemicals (17) |
|---|
| ACETALDEHYDE |
| ACETIC-ACID |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| BETA-PHELLANDRENE |
| BORNEOL |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL MIC 625 ug/ml |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIAL |
| GERANIOL IC93=2 mM |
| MENTHONE |
| MYRCENE |
| P-CYMENE |
| PROPIONIC-ACID 2,500-36,000 |
|
| Fungiphilic | J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. |
|
|
| Fungistat | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| FORMIC-ACID |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Fungitoxic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| FORMIC-ACID |
|
| Gastroprotective | Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
|
| Gastrosedative | Merck 11th Edition |
|
|
| Glaucomagenic | |
|
|
| Glutathionigenic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| GERANIAL |
|
| GST-Inducer | |
|
|
| Hepatoprotective | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| BORNEOL |
| EUGENOL 100 ppm |
|
| Hepatotoxic | Martindale's 29th |
|
|
| Herbicide | |
| Chemicals (9) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE IC50=30 uM |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL IC50=470 mM |
| CITRAL IC50=115 uM |
| CITRONELLOL IC50=160 uM |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL IC100-2,000 uM |
| LIMONENE IC50=45 uM |
| P-CYMENE IC50=50 uM |
|
| Histaminic | |
|
|
| Hypertensive | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ETHANOL >1 drink/day |
|
| Hypnotic | Martindale's 29th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ETHANOL Antidote=Naloxone |
|
| Hypocalcemic | Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ETHANOL 4,000 orl rat |
|
| Hypotensive | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ETHANOL 1 drink/day |
|
| Hypothermic | |
|
|
| Immunomodulator | |
|
|
| Inhalant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
|
| Insect-Repellent | |
|
|
| Insecticide | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE 0.82 uM/fly |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL 1.29 uM/fly |
| EUGENOL |
| LIMONENE 0.37 uM/fly |
| MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
|
| Insectifuge | Merck 11th Edition |
| Chemicals (10) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE 50 ppm |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRONELLAL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL 50 ppm |
| LIMONENE |
| MYRCENE |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Insectiphile | Merck 11th Edition |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| GERANIOL |
| GERANYL-ACETATE |
|
| Interleukin-6-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Irritant | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
| Chemicals (18) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| CITRONELLYL-ACETATE |
| DIMETHYL-SULFIDE |
| EUGENOL |
| FORMIC-ACID |
| ISOAMYL-ALCOHOL |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHOL |
| MYRCENE |
| P-CYMENE |
| PROPIONIC-ACID |
|
| Juvabional | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
|
|
| Keratitigenic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
|
| Larvicide | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| EUGENOL |
| MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
|
| Laxative | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Lipolytic | |
|
|
| Mosquitocide | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
|
| Mosquitofuge | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL > Deet |
|
| Motor-Depressant | Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| CITRONELLAL |
| EUGENOL |
|
| Mucolytic | Martindale's 29th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
|
| Mucotropic | Schulz, V, Hansel, R and Tyler, VE. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy - A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. 1st English Edition. Translated by Terry C. Telger. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 306 pp. |
|
|
| Mutagenic | |
|
|
| Mutagenic? | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CITRONELLAL |
|
| Mycobactericide | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| GERANIOL MIC=64 ug/ml |
|
| Myorelaxant | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| BORNEOL |
| CITRAL 200 mg/kg |
| LIMONENE 50 mg/kg |
| MENTHOL |
| MYRCENE 100-200 mg/kg |
|
| Narcotic | Martindale's 29th |
|
|
| Nematicide | Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. |
| Chemicals (10) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
| BORNEOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
| CITRAL IC52=100 ug/ml |
| CITRONELLAL MIC 1 mg/ml |
| CITRONELLOL MLC=100 ug/ml |
| EUGENOL MLC=2,000 ug/ml |
| GERANIOL IC86=100 ug/ml |
| LIMONENE IC=100 ug/ml |
| MENTHOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
| MENTHONE MLC=1 mg/ml |
|
| Neurodepressant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
|
| Neurolytic | Merck 11th Edition |
|
|
| Neuropathogenic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| MENTHOL 40-100 mg/day/rat |
|
| Neurotoxic | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
|
|
| NF-kB-Inhibitor | |
|
|
| NO-Genic | |
|
|
| NO-Inhibitor | |
|
|
| Nociceptive | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
|
| Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| LIMONENE ~750 mg/kg (diet) |
|
| Osteolytic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
|
| Ozone-Scavenger | |
|
|
| P450-2B1-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE IC50=0.087 uM |
| CITRAL IC50=1.19 uM |
| CITRONELLAL IC50=1.56 uM |
| MYRCENE IC50=0.14 uM |
|
| P450-Inducer | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| DELTA-CADINENE |
| LIMONENE |
|
| Perfume | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ISOAMYL-ALCOHOL |
|
| Perfumery | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (24) |
|---|
| ACETALDEHYDE FEMA 4-25 |
| ACETIC-ACID FEMA 6,000-40,000 ppm |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-BISABOLENE |
| BETA-PHELLANDRENE |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL |
| GERANYL-ACETATE |
| ISOPULEGOL |
| MENTHOL |
| MENTHONE |
| METHYL-BUTYRATE |
| MYRCENE |
| PROPIONIC-ACID |
| SABINENE |
| TIGLIC-ACID |
|
| Peristaltic | |
|
|
| Pesticide | |
| Chemicals (25) |
|---|
| ACETALDEHYDE |
| ACETIC-ACID |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE |
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL |
| CAPRYLIC-ACID |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLAL |
| CITRONELLOL |
| DELTA-CADINENE |
| ETHANOL |
| EUGENOL |
| FORMIC-ACID |
| GERANIAL |
| GERANIOL |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHOL |
| MENTHONE |
| MYRCENE |
| NERAL |
| P-CYMENE |
| PROPIONIC-ACID |
|
| Photosensitizer | Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. |
|
|
| Preservative | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| FORMIC-ACID |
|
| Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| EUGENOL 1 mM rbt |
|
| Prostatitigenic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CITRAL 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms |
|
| Protisticide | Martindale's 29th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
|
| Psychoactive | |
|
|
| Refrigerant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
|
| Respiraparalytic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETALDEHYDE |
|
| Rubefacient | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ETHANOL |
| MENTHOL |
| PROPIONIC-ACID |
|
| Sclerosant | Martindale's 29th |
|
|
| Sedative | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
| Chemicals (13) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BORNEOL |
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
| CITRAL ED 1-32 mg/kg |
| CITRONELLAL ED=1 mg/kg |
| CITRONELLOL |
| EUGENOL |
| GERANIOL |
| GERANYL-ACETATE |
| LIMONENE ED=1-32 mg/kg |
| MENTHONE |
| P-CYMENE |
|
| Spasmogenic | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BETA-PINENE |
|
| Spasmolytic | |
|
|
| Spermicide | Martindale's 28th |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
|
| Stomachic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| BETA-BISABOLENE |
|
| Surfactant | Schulz, V, Hansel, R and Tyler, VE. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy - A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. 1st English Edition. Translated by Terry C. Telger. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 306 pp. |
|
|
| Teratogenic | |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| CITRAL |
| CITRONELLAL |
| ETHANOL 6,000 orl dog |
|
| Termiticide | |
| Chemicals (4) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL IC100=5 mg/g |
| EUGENOL LD100=5 mg/g |
| MENTHOL |
| NERAL LD100=5 mg/g |
|
| Termitifuge | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| CARYOPHYLLENE |
|
| Testosterone-Inducer | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| DELTA-CADINENE |
|
| Toxic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| FORMIC-ACID |
|
| Tranquilizer | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| BORNEOL |
|
| Transdermal | |
| Chemicals (5) |
|---|
| ALPHA-PINENE |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
| BETA-PINENE |
| LIMONENE |
| MENTHOL |
|
| Tremorilytic | Martindale's 28th |
|
|
| Trichomonicide | |
| Chemicals (6) |
|---|
| CITRAL LD100=150 ug/ml |
| CITRONELLOL LD100=300 ug/ml |
| EUGENOL LD100=300 ug/ml |
| GERANIOL LD100=300 ug/ml |
| MENTHONE LD100=600 ug/ml |
| P-CYMENE LD100=50 ug/ml |
|
| Trichomonistat | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| EUGENOL IC50=10 ug/ml |
|
| Trypanocide | |
|
|
| Trypsin-Enhancer | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-93. |
|
|
| Tyrosinase-Inhibitor | |
| Chemicals (2) |
|---|
| ACETALDEHYDE ID50=43 ug/ml |
| CITRAL ID50=1.5 mM |
|
| Ulcerogenic | Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. |
| Chemicals (3) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
| ETHANOL 5 ml/kg (50%) orl rat |
| EUGENOL |
|
| Varroacide | |
|
|
| Vasodilator | |
|
|
| Vermifuge | |
|
|
| Verrucolytic | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ACETIC-ACID |
|
| Vibriocide | |
|
|
| Vulnerary | |
| Chemicals (1) |
|---|
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL ED50=240 ug/g mus |
|