(-)-Chronotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE 87 nl/ml |
BORNEOL 29 ug/ml |
|
(-)-Inotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE 87 nl/ml |
BORNEOL 29 ug/ml |
|
Abortifacient | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
|
Acaricide | |
Chemicals (7) |
1,8-CINEOLE LC100=6 uM |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
EUGENOL LD50=5.47 ug/sq cm cf DEET at 37.59 ug/sq cm |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE LC100=8 uM |
MENTHONE |
THYMOL |
|
ACE-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
MYRCENE 100 ug/ml |
|
AChE-Inhibitor | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
Chemicals (2) |
LIMONENE |
PULEGONE |
|
Addictive | Science News, 145: 294. |
Chemicals (1) |
ACETALDEHYDE 8 ug/kg |
|
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml |
GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml |
MYRCENE 100 ug/ml |
|
Allelochemic | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
LIMONENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Allelopathic | Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. |
Chemicals (4) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
CAMPHENE |
MENTHONE |
|
Allergenic | Martindale's 29th |
Chemicals (10) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE 1/20th carene |
MENTHOL |
MYRCENE |
THYMOL |
|
Analgesic | |
Chemicals (7) |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
THYMOL |
|
Ancylostomicide | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Anesthetic | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
Chemicals (6) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL 200-400 |
MENTHOL 2,000 ppm |
THYMOL |
|
Ankylostomacide | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Anthelmintic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
CARVACROL |
THYMOL |
|
Antiacetylcholine | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
|
Antiacetylcholinesterase | |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE IC50=41 ug/ml |
ALPHA-TERPINENE IC50=1.0 mM |
GAMMA-TERPINENE IC23=1.2 mM |
ISOMENTHOL IC29=1.2 mM |
ISOMENTHONE IC50=1.6 mM |
ISOPULEGOL IC50=2.0 mM |
LIMONENE IC22-26=1.2 mM |
MENTHOL IC50=2.0 mM |
MENTHONE IC50=1.4 mM |
P-CYMENE IC40=1.2 mM |
PIPERITENONE IC50=110 ug/ml |
PULEGONE IC50=0.9 mM |
|
Antiacne | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
THYMOL |
|
Antiadenomic | |
|
Antiaggregant | |
Chemicals (4) |
EUGENOL IC50=0.3 uM |
MENTHOL IC50=750 |
MENTHONE IC50=750 |
THYMOL IC50=0.75 |
|
Antiallergic | J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
|
Antialzheimeran? | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
Chemicals (4) |
CARVACROL |
LIMONENE |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL |
|
Antiarachidonate | |
|
Antiarthritic | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Antiasthmatic | Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh. |
Chemicals (3) |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
PIPERITONE |
|
Antiatherosclerotic | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL IC50=5.53 uM |
THYMOL IC50=4 uM |
|
Antibacillary | |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHONE MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
P-CYMENE |
|
Antibacillus | |
Chemicals (1) |
MENTHOL MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
|
Antibacterial | |
Chemicals (16) |
1,8-CINEOLE 50 ppm |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BORNEOL MIC=125-250 ug/ml |
CARVACROL MIC 170-290 |
EUGENOL 500 ppm |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625-2.5 |
MENTHONE MIC=0.625-5 mg/ml |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
PULEGONE |
SABINENE |
THYMOL MIC=50-400 ug/ml |
|
Antibronchitic | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
Chemicals (4) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BORNEOL |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Anticancer | Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BENZALDEHYDE |
LIMONENE |
|
Anticariogenic | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml |
THYMOL MIC=200-400 ug/ml |
|
Anticatarrh | Martindale's 29th |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Anticholinesterase | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE IC50=50-70 |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL |
|
Anticholinesterase? | L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. |
|
Anticonvulsant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
Chemicals (2) |
EUGENOL |
MYRCENE |
|
Antidandruff | A.L.L. Hunting. Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients. Micelle Press, Cranford NJ. 467 pp. |
|
Antidiuretic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-92. |
|
Antiedemic | Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. |
Chemicals (2) |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL 100 |
|
Antiescherichic | |
Chemicals (3) |
BORNEOL MIC=125 ug/ml |
MENTHOL MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=5 mg/ml |
|
Antiesophagitic | |
|
Antiestrogenic | |
|
Antifatigue | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antifeedant | |
Chemicals (7) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Antiflu | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
|
Antigenotoxic | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL 50-500 mg/kg orl mus |
|
Antihalitosic | American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Antihelicobacter | |
|
Antiherpetic | |
Chemicals (2) |
EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
THYMOL |
|
Antihistaminic | Ortiz De Urbina, A.V., Martin, M.L., Montero, M.J., Carron, R., Sevilla, M.A., San Roman, L. 1989. Antihistaminic activity of pulegone on the guinea-pig ileum. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 295-296, 1990. |
Chemicals (3) |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
PULEGONE |
|
Antiinflammatory | |
Chemicals (11) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE 500 mg/kg |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARVACROL IC50=4 uM |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL (11 uM) IC~97=1,000 uM |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL (=indomethacin) |
|
Antikeratotic | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
|
Antilaryngitic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antilepric | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Antilisteria | |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
|
Antilithic | |
|
Antilithic? | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Antilymphomic | |
|
Antimelanomic | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL IC50=120 uM/l |
THYMOL IC50=120 uM/l |
|
Antimetastatic (Stomach) | |
|
Antimitotic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Antimutagenic | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. |
Chemicals (4) |
BENZALDEHYDE |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE |
MYRCENE |
|
Antineuralgic | |
|
Antineuritic | |
|
Antinitrosaminic | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
MYRCENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Antinitrosating | |
|
Antinociceptive | Rao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990. |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MYRCENE 10-20 mg/kg ipr mus |
|
Antiobesity | |
|
Antiodontalgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
Antiotitic | |
|
Antioxidant | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (8) |
CAMPHENE |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL IC65=30 ppm |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
ISOMENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL 100 ppm |
|
Antioxidant (LDL) | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL IC50=5.53 uM |
THYMOL IC50=4 uM |
|
Antipeptic | |
Chemicals (1) |
BENZALDEHYDE |
|
Antiperiodontic | |
Chemicals (1) |
THYMOL MIC=50-200 ug/ml |
|
Antipharyngitic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antiplaque | Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Maruyama, T., Takiguchi, T., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I., Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria, Bull Tokyo Dent. Coll., 31 (1), 1990, 17-21 |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
CARVACROL MIC=39-625 ug/ml |
THYMOL MIC=39-625 ug/ml |
|
Antipneumonic | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Antiproliferant | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
|
Antiprostaglandin | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL 11 uM |
|
Antipruritic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Antipyretic | |
Chemicals (4) |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL 3 ml/man/day |
MENTHOL |
PULEGONE |
|
Antiradicular | |
Chemicals (4) |
CARVACROL 600 x thymol |
EUGENOL EC50=2 ul/l |
ISOMENTHONE |
THYMOL EC=60 |
|
Antirheumatalgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
Antirheumatic | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Antirhinitic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antisalmonella | |
Chemicals (5) |
BORNEOL MIC=125 ug/ml |
EUGENOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=5 mg/ml |
THYMOL |
|
Antiseptic | |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
CARVACROL 1.5 x phenol |
EUGENOL 3 ml/man/day |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL 4 x phenol |
MENTHONE 2.25 x phenol |
SABINENE |
THYMOL 20 x phenol |
|
Antisinusitic | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
|
Antispasmodic | Fitoterapia No.59-1984. |
Chemicals (14) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL ED50=0.008 mg/ml |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE ED50=0.197 mg/ml |
MENTHOL ED50=0.01 mg/ml |
MENTHONE ED50=0.044 mg/ml |
MYRCENE |
NEOMENTHOL ED50=0.033 mg/ml |
THYMOL |
|
Antistaphylococcic | |
Chemicals (8) |
1,8-CINEOLE 50 ppm |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=0.625-2.5 mg/ml |
THYMOL |
|
Antistreptococcic | |
Chemicals (3) |
CARVACROL |
MENTHOL MIC=0.4 mg/ml |
THYMOL MIC=200-400 ug/ml |
|
Antitartar | |
|
Antithromboxane | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jul-87. |
|
AntiTNF | |
|
Antitrichinosic | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Antitumor | Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992. |
Chemicals (5) |
ALPHA-HUMULENE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE |
|
Antitumor (Breast) | |
|
Antitumor (Colon) | |
|
Antitumor (Pancreas) | |
|
Antitumor (Prostate) | |
|
Antitumor (Stomach) | |
|
Antitussive | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
CARVACROL |
THYMOL |
|
Antiulcer | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
EUGENOL |
SABINENE |
|
Antivaginitic | |
|
Antiviral | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
|
Antivulvitic | |
|
Antiyeast | |
Chemicals (1) |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
|
Apifuge | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
|
Apoptotic | |
|
Ataxigenic | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
|
Avifuge | |
|
Bradycardic | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (1) |
MENTHOL 65 mg/3 x day/woman |
|
Bronchomucolytic | Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200. |
|
Bronchomucotropic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Bronchoprotectant | |
|
Bronchorrheic | Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200. |
|
Calcium-Antagonist | |
Chemicals (4) |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE ED50=32 uM gpg |
EUGENOL IC50=224 uM |
MENTHOFURAN IC50=441 uM gpg (weak activity) |
MENTHOL |
|
Cancer-Preventive | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
Chemicals (5) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE |
MENTHONE |
PULEGONE |
|
Candidicide | Economou, D., and Nahrstedt, A. 1991. Chemical, Physiological, and Toxicological Aspects of the Essential Oil of Some Species of the Genus Bystropogon*. Planta Medica, 57: 347, 1991. |
Chemicals (10) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
CARVACROL MIC<0.1 ug/ml |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=2.5 mg/ml |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL 100 ug/ml (>Nystatin) |
|
Candidistat | |
|
Carcinogenic | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Carcinogenic? | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
|
Carminative | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
Chemicals (4) |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Cerebrotoxic | J. Aromatherapy 4: 24. |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHONE orl man |
PULEGONE orl man |
|
Chemopreventive | |
Chemicals (2) |
LIMONENE |
MYRCENE |
|
Choleretic | |
Chemicals (4) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
|
Cholesterolytic | |
|
Cicatrizant | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL ED50=240 ug/g mus |
|
Ciliotoxic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
CNS-Depressant | |
Chemicals (2) |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
|
CNS-Stimulant | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BORNEOL |
MENTHOL |
|
CNS-Toxic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Coleoptophile | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Congestant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Convulsant | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
|
Counterirritant | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
COX-1-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL IC97=1,000 uM |
|
COX-2-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL IC>97=1,000 uM |
|
Culicide | |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
THYMOL LC50=36-49 mg/l |
|
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL #NAME? |
THYMOL (=indomethacin) |
|
Cytochrome-P450-Inducer | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Cytochrome-P450-Inhibitor | Pizzorno, J. 1998. Total Wellness. Prima Health, a division of Prima. |
|
Cytotoxic | Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL 25 ug/ml |
|
Decongestant | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Decongestant? | Eccles, R., et al. 1989. The effects of oral administration of (-)-menthol on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow in subjects suffering from nasal congestion associated with the common cold. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 652-654, 1990. |
Chemicals (1) |
MENTHOL 11 mg/man |
|
Degranulant | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE 0.3 ul/ml |
|
Dentifrice | Martindale's 29th |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
THYMOL |
|
Deodorant | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (2) |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL |
|
Dermatitigenic | |
Chemicals (3) |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Detoxicant | |
|
Diaphoretic | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
|
Edemagenic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE inj |
|
Emmenagogue | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
|
Encephalopathic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-92. |
Chemicals (1) |
PULEGONE 80 mg/kg orl rat |
|
Enterocontractant | J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. |
|
Enterorelaxant | J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. |
Chemicals (4) |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Enterotoxic | Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. |
|
Expectorant | |
Chemicals (7) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
CAMPHENE |
CARVACROL |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
FLavor | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (25) |
1,8-CINEOLE FEMA 1-200 |
3-OCTANOL FEMA |
ALPHA-PINENE FEMA 15-150 |
ALPHA-TERPINENE FEMA 1-40 |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL FEMA 5-40 |
BENZALDEHYDE FEMA 150-800 |
BETA-PINENE FEMA 15-600 |
BORNEOL FEMA<1 |
CAMPHENE FEMA 15-175 |
CARVACROL FEMA 10-125 |
ETHYL-BUTYRATE FEMA 30-1,400 |
ETHYL-CINNAMATE FEMA 4-40 |
ETHYL-PALMITATE FEMA 20-50 |
EUGENOL FEMA 10-500 |
GAMMA-TERPINENE FEMA 1-40 |
ISOPULEGOL FEMA 5-30 |
LIMONENE |
MENTHONE FEMA 5-50 |
MYRCENE FEMA 0.5-9 |
P-CYMENE FEMA 12-250 |
PIPERITONE FEMA 1-2 |
PULEGONE FEMA 5-30 |
TERPINOLENE FEMA 15-60 |
THYMOL FEMA 2-100 |
DIETHYL-MALONATE FEMA 2-20 |
|
Fungicide | |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ACETALDEHYDE |
BORNEOL |
CARVACROL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
MENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
PULEGONE |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL |
|
Fungiphilic | J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. |
|
Fungistat | |
|
Gastroirritant | Martindale's 29th |
|
Gastroprotective | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Gastrosedative | Merck 11th Edition |
|
Glutathionalytic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-92. |
|
Gram(+)icide | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
THYMOL MIC=200-400 ug/ml |
|
Gram(-)icide | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
THYMOL MIC=50-200 ug/ml |
|
GST-Inducer | |
|
Hallucinogenic | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
|
Hepatoprotective | |
Chemicals (2) |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL 100 ppm |
|
Hepatotonic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Hepatotoxic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-92. |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHOFURAN |
PULEGONE |
|
Herbicide | Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. |
Chemicals (9) |
1,8-CINEOLE IC50=78 uM |
ALPHA-PINENE IC50=30 uM |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL IC50=470 mM |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE IC50=45 uM |
P-CYMENE IC50=50 uM |
PIPERITONE IC50=30 mM |
PULEGONE IC50=1.5 uM |
|
Histaminic | |
|
Hypocholesterolemic? | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Hypotensive | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Hypothermic | |
|
Immunomodulator | |
|
Immunostimulant | |
Chemicals (1) |
BENZALDEHYDE |
|
Inflammatory | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE inj |
|
Inhalant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Insect-Repellent | |
|
Insecticide | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
Chemicals (12) |
ALPHA-PINENE 0.82 uM/fly |
ALPHA-TERPINENE 0.86 uM/fly |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 1.29 uM/fly |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE 0.37 uM/fly |
MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
PIPERITENONE-OXIDE |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL LC50=36-49 mg/l |
|
Insectifuge | J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. |
Chemicals (17) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE 50 ppm |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
BENZALDEHYDE 50 ppm |
BETA-PINENE |
BETA-TERPINEOL |
BORNEOL |
CAMPHENE |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
PIPERITONE (> DEET) |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL |
|
Insectiphile | J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (2) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
LIMONENE |
|
Irritant | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
THYMOL |
|
Juvabional | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
|
Larvicide | Misra, L.N. and Singh, S.P. Alpha-Thujone, The Major Component Of The Essential Oil From Artemisia vulgaris Growing Wild In Nilgiri Hills. Journal of Natural Products, 49: 941, 1986. |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
EUGENOL |
MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
THYMOL 10 ppm |
|
Laxative | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
|
Lipolytic | |
|
Molluscicide | |
|
Mosquitofuge | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL > Deet |
|
Motor-Depressant | Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BENZALDEHYDE |
EUGENOL |
|
Mutagenic | |
|
Myorelaxant | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (6) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BORNEOL |
LIMONENE 50 mg/kg |
MENTHOL |
MYRCENE 100-200 mg/kg |
THYMOL |
|
Narcotic | Merck 11th Edition |
Chemicals (1) |
BENZALDEHYDE |
|
Nematicide | |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
BENZALDEHYDE MLC=1 mg/ml |
BORNEOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
CARVACROL MLC=1 mg/ml |
ETHYL-CINNAMATE MLC=1,000 uM |
EUGENOL MLC=2,000 ug/ml |
LIMONENE IC=100 ug/ml |
MENTHOFURAN MLC=1 mg/ml |
MENTHOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MLC=1 mg/ml |
THYMOL MLC=0.1 mg/ml |
|
Nephrotoxic | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
|
Neurodepressant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Neuropathogenic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
Chemicals (1) |
MENTHOL 40-100 mg/day/rat |
|
Neurotoxic | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
EUGENOL |
PULEGONE |
|
NO-Genic | |
|
Nociceptive | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
LIMONENE ~750 mg/kg (diet) |
|
Ozone-Scavenger | |
|
P450-2B1-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE IC50=0.087 uM |
ALPHA-TERPINENE IC50=0.76 uM |
MYRCENE IC50=0.14 uM |
|
P450-Inducer | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
LIMONENE |
|
Pediculicide | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE 2.3 x pyrethrin |
|
Perfume | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Perfumery | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (22) |
3-OCTANOL |
ACETALDEHYDE FEMA 4-25 |
ALPHA-HUMULENE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BETA-PINENE |
BETA-TERPINEOL |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
ISOPULEGOL |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
NEOMENTHOL |
PIPERITENONE |
PIPERITONE |
PULEGONE |
SABINENE |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL |
|
Peristaltic | |
|
Pesticide | |
Chemicals (27) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ACETALDEHYDE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
BETA-TERPINEOL |
BORNEOL |
CAMPHENE |
CARVACROL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
GERMACRENE-D |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOFURAN |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
PIPERITENONE-OXIDE |
PIPERITONE |
PULEGONE |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL |
|
Pheromone | |
Chemicals (1) |
GERMACRENE-D |
|
Photosensitizer | Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. |
|
Prostaglandin-Inhibitor | |
|
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor | Chen, S. J., Wang, M. H., Chen, I. J. 1996. Antiplatelet and Calcium Inhibitory Properties of Eugenol and Sodium Eugenol Acetate. Gen Pharmacol, 27(4): 629-633. |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL 1 mM rbt |
|
Psychoactive | |
|
Pulifuge | |
|
Pulmonotoxic | |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHOFURAN |
PULEGONE |
|
Refrigerant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Respiraparalytic | |
Chemicals (1) |
ACETALDEHYDE |
|
Rubefacient | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
|
Secretogogue | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Sedative | |
Chemicals (11) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE ED=1-32 mg/kg |
MENTHONE |
P-CYMENE |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL |
|
Spasmogenic | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (5) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
CAMPHENE |
|
Sprout-Inhibitor | Duke, J.A.. Personal Communication. |
|
Surfactant | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Termiticide | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL IC100=5 mg/g |
BENZALDEHYDE LD100=5 mg/g |
EUGENOL LD100=5 mg/g |
MENTHOL |
|
Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Toxic | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (1) |
PIPERITENONE 10,000/man |
|
Tracheorelaxant | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL |
THYMOL |
|
Tranquilizer | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. |
Chemicals (2) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
|
Transdermal | |
Chemicals (6) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BETA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
|
Trichomonicide | |
Chemicals (6) |
1,8-CINEOLE LD100=1,000 ug/ml |
CARVACROL LD100=150 ug/ml |
EUGENOL LD100=300 ug/ml |
MENTHONE LD100=600 ug/ml |
P-CYMENE LD100=50 ug/ml |
THYMOL LD100=25 ug/ml |
|
Trichomonistat | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL IC50=10 ug/ml |
|
Trypsin-Enhancer | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-93. |
|
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (2) |
ACETALDEHYDE ID50=43 ug/ml |
BENZALDEHYDE ID50=820 uM |
|
Ulcerogenic | Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. |
|
Urinary-Antiseptic | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
|
Varroacide | |
Chemicals (2) |
EUGENOL |
THYMOL |
|
Vasodilator | |
|
Vermicide | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Vermifuge | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
|
Vibriocide | |
|
Vulnerary | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL ED50=240 ug/g mus |
|