Hallucinogenic | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
|
Bronchomucolytic | Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200. |
|
Neuropathogenic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
Chemicals (1) |
MENTHOL 40-100 mg/day/rat |
|
Surfactant | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Gastrosedative | Merck 11th Edition |
|
Apifuge | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
|
Ancylostomicide | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Lipolytic | |
|
Enterocontractant | J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. |
|
Antitumor (Colon) | |
|
Antinitrosating | |
|
Abortifacient | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
|
Psychoactive | |
|
Antithromboxane | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jul-87. |
|
Vibriocide | |
|
Inhalant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Antimitotic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Detoxicant | |
|
Antiarthritic | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Urinary-Antiseptic | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
|
Hypotensive | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Candidistat | |
|
Antilithic | |
|
Decongestant? | Eccles, R., et al. 1989. The effects of oral administration of (-)-menthol on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow in subjects suffering from nasal congestion associated with the common cold. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 652-654, 1990. |
Chemicals (1) |
MENTHOL 11 mg/man |
|
Antiadenomic | |
|
Hepatotonic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Bronchoprotectant | |
|
NO-Genic | |
|
Antirheumatalgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
Ankylostomacide | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Ataxigenic | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
|
Antigenotoxic | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL 50-500 mg/kg orl mus |
|
Antiproliferant | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
|
Fungistat | |
|
Antiesophagitic | |
|
Mosquitofuge | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL > Deet |
|
COX-1-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL IC97=1,000 uM |
|
Antipeptic | |
Chemicals (1) |
BENZALDEHYDE |
|
Enterotoxic | Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. |
|
Antitumor (Prostate) | |
|
Juvabional | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
|
CNS-Toxic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Antiobesity | |
|
Antitrichinosic | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Cholesterolytic | |
|
Antineuralgic | |
|
Photosensitizer | Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. |
|
Edemagenic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE inj |
|
Vasodilator | |
|
Immunomodulator | |
|
Carcinogenic? | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
|
Antilymphomic | |
|
Perfume | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antirhinitic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Trypsin-Enhancer | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-93. |
|
Antilaryngitic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
LIMONENE ~750 mg/kg (diet) |
|
Cytochrome-P450-Inhibitor | Pizzorno, J. 1998. Total Wellness. Prima Health, a division of Prima. |
|
Antiacetylcholine | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
|
GST-Inducer | |
|
Bradycardic | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (1) |
MENTHOL 65 mg/3 x day/woman |
|
Antihelicobacter | |
|
Neurodepressant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Antipruritic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Sprout-Inhibitor | Duke, J.A.. Personal Communication. |
|
Gastroprotective | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antiyeast | |
Chemicals (1) |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
|
Antifatigue | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Mutagenic | |
|
Antipharyngitic | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antidiuretic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-92. |
|
Laxative | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
|
Congestant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Antiotitic | |
|
Addictive | Science News, 145: 294. |
Chemicals (1) |
ACETALDEHYDE 8 ug/kg |
|
Respiraparalytic | |
Chemicals (1) |
ACETALDEHYDE |
|
Antitumor (Breast) | |
|
Anticatarrh | Martindale's 29th |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Insectiphile | J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Ciliotoxic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL 1 mM rbt |
|
Encephalopathic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-92. |
Chemicals (1) |
PULEGONE 80 mg/kg orl rat |
|
Antitartar | |
|
Antibacillus | |
Chemicals (1) |
MENTHOL MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
|
Inflammatory | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE inj |
|
Antimetastatic (Stomach) | |
|
Peristaltic | |
|
Antiarachidonate | |
|
Ulcerogenic | Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. |
|
Hypocholesterolemic? | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Decongestant | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Bronchomucotropic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Glutathionalytic | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-92. |
|
Apoptotic | |
|
Narcotic | Merck 11th Edition |
Chemicals (1) |
BENZALDEHYDE |
|
Antipneumonic | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Fungiphilic | J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. |
|
Antivaginitic | |
|
Molluscicide | |
|
Secretogogue | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antitumor (Pancreas) | |
|
Anticholinesterase? | L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. |
|
Pulifuge | |
|
AntiTNF | |
|
Vulnerary | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL ED50=240 ug/g mus |
|
Insect-Repellent | |
|
Pheromone | |
Chemicals (1) |
GERMACRENE-D |
|
Diaphoretic | Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
|
Hypothermic | |
|
Carcinogenic | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Antilithic? | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Pediculicide | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE 2.3 x pyrethrin |
|
Degranulant | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE 0.3 ul/ml |
|
Trichomonistat | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL IC50=10 ug/ml |
|
Bronchorrheic | Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200. |
|
Antikeratotic | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
|
Nociceptive | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Cytochrome-P450-Inducer | |
Chemicals (1) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
|
Toxic | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (1) |
PIPERITENONE 10,000/man |
|
Avifuge | |
|
Nephrotoxic | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
|
Gastroirritant | Martindale's 29th |
|
Antivulvitic | |
|
Antiestrogenic | |
|
COX-2-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL IC>97=1,000 uM |
|
Antiperiodontic | |
Chemicals (1) |
THYMOL MIC=50-200 ug/ml |
|
Antitumor (Stomach) | |
|
Antidandruff | A.L.L. Hunting. Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients. Micelle Press, Cranford NJ. 467 pp. |
|
Coleoptophile | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Antiodontalgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
Refrigerant | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
|
Cicatrizant | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL ED50=240 ug/g mus |
|
Antineuritic | |
|
Prostaglandin-Inhibitor | |
|
Emmenagogue | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
|
Vermicide | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Immunostimulant | |
Chemicals (1) |
BENZALDEHYDE |
|
Histaminic | |
|
Antilepric | Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938 Madaus. |
|
Ozone-Scavenger | |
|
Cytotoxic | Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. |
Chemicals (1) |
EUGENOL 25 ug/ml |
|
Tranquilizer | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. |
Chemicals (2) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
|
Antiherpetic | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (2) |
EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
THYMOL |
|
Antiedemic | Phytotherapy Research, 4: 95. |
Chemicals (2) |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL 100 |
|
Convulsant | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
|
Rubefacient | Martindale's 29th |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
|
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (2) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
LIMONENE |
|
CNS-Depressant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
Chemicals (2) |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
|
Chemopreventive | |
Chemicals (2) |
LIMONENE |
MYRCENE |
|
Antisinusitic | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
|
P450-Inducer | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
LIMONENE |
|
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL #NAME? |
THYMOL (=indomethacin) |
|
Gram(+)icide | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
THYMOL MIC=200-400 ug/ml |
|
Anticonvulsant | |
Chemicals (2) |
EUGENOL |
MYRCENE |
|
Pulmonotoxic | |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHOFURAN |
PULEGONE |
|
Antiatherosclerotic | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL IC50=5.53 uM |
THYMOL IC50=4 uM |
|
Dentifrice | Martindale's 29th |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
THYMOL |
|
Tracheorelaxant | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL |
THYMOL |
|
(-)-Inotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE 87 nl/ml |
BORNEOL 29 ug/ml |
|
Vermifuge | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
|
Cerebrotoxic | J. Aromatherapy 4: 24. |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHONE orl man |
PULEGONE orl man |
|
Antilisteria | |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
|
Hepatoprotective | |
Chemicals (2) |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL 100 ppm |
|
Culicide | |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
THYMOL LC50=36-49 mg/l |
|
Antioxidant (LDL) | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL IC50=5.53 uM |
THYMOL IC50=4 uM |
|
Antinociceptive | Rao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990. |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MYRCENE 10-20 mg/kg ipr mus |
|
Varroacide | |
Chemicals (2) |
EUGENOL |
THYMOL |
|
Hepatotoxic | Lewis, E.J. and Friedrich, E.C. 1989. The Essential Oil of Poliomintha incana. Planta Medica 56(2): 224-226, 1990. |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHOFURAN |
PULEGONE |
|
Gram(-)icide | |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
THYMOL MIC=50-200 ug/ml |
|
Antiprostaglandin | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL 11 uM |
|
AChE-Inhibitor | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
Chemicals (2) |
LIMONENE |
PULEGONE |
|
(-)-Chronotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
Chemicals (2) |
1,8-CINEOLE 87 nl/ml |
BORNEOL 29 ug/ml |
|
Antibacillary | |
Chemicals (2) |
MENTHONE MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
P-CYMENE |
|
Antimelanomic | |
Chemicals (2) |
CARVACROL IC50=120 uM/l |
THYMOL IC50=120 uM/l |
|
Deodorant | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (2) |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL |
|
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (2) |
ACETALDEHYDE ID50=43 ug/ml |
BENZALDEHYDE ID50=820 uM |
|
Antiplaque | Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Maruyama, T., Takiguchi, T., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I., Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria, Bull Tokyo Dent. Coll., 31 (1), 1990, 17-21 |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
CARVACROL MIC=39-625 ug/ml |
THYMOL MIC=39-625 ug/ml |
|
Antiulcer | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
EUGENOL |
SABINENE |
|
Anticholinesterase | L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE IC50=50-70 |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL |
|
Anticancer | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BENZALDEHYDE |
LIMONENE |
|
Antiallergic | J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
|
Antitussive | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
CARVACROL |
THYMOL |
|
Antinitrosaminic | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
MYRCENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Dermatitigenic | |
Chemicals (3) |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
P450-2B1-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE IC50=0.087 uM |
ALPHA-TERPINENE IC50=0.76 uM |
MYRCENE IC50=0.14 uM |
|
Antiacne | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
THYMOL |
|
Antihistaminic | J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. |
Chemicals (3) |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
PULEGONE |
|
Neurotoxic | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
EUGENOL |
PULEGONE |
|
Antiflu | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
|
Antiescherichic | |
Chemicals (3) |
BORNEOL MIC=125 ug/ml |
MENTHOL MIC=1.25 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=5 mg/ml |
|
Counterirritant | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
CNS-Stimulant | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BORNEOL |
MENTHOL |
|
Antiasthmatic | Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh. |
Chemicals (3) |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
PIPERITONE |
|
Antirheumatic | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Anthelmintic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
CARVACROL |
THYMOL |
|
Antihalitosic | American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Motor-Depressant | Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BENZALDEHYDE |
EUGENOL |
|
Anticariogenic | |
Chemicals (3) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml |
THYMOL MIC=200-400 ug/ml |
|
Antistreptococcic | |
Chemicals (3) |
CARVACROL |
MENTHOL MIC=0.4 mg/ml |
THYMOL MIC=200-400 ug/ml |
|
Antipyretic | |
Chemicals (4) |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL 3 ml/man/day |
MENTHOL |
PULEGONE |
|
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml |
GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml |
MYRCENE 100 ug/ml |
|
Antiviral | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
EUGENOL IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
|
Allelopathic | |
Chemicals (4) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
CAMPHENE |
MENTHONE |
|
ACE-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
MYRCENE 100 ug/ml |
|
Calcium-Antagonist | |
Chemicals (4) |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE ED50=32 uM gpg |
EUGENOL IC50=224 uM |
MENTHOFURAN IC50=441 uM gpg (weak activity) |
MENTHOL |
|
Antiradicular | |
Chemicals (4) |
CARVACROL 600 x thymol |
EUGENOL EC50=2 ul/l |
ISOMENTHONE |
THYMOL EC=60 |
|
Termiticide | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL IC100=5 mg/g |
BENZALDEHYDE LD100=5 mg/g |
EUGENOL LD100=5 mg/g |
MENTHOL |
|
Allelochemic | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
LIMONENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Enterorelaxant | J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. |
Chemicals (4) |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Antibronchitic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
Chemicals (4) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BORNEOL |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Choleretic | |
Chemicals (4) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
|
Antimutagenic | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. |
Chemicals (4) |
BENZALDEHYDE |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE |
MYRCENE |
|
Antiaggregant | Phytotherapy Research, 4: 93. |
Chemicals (4) |
EUGENOL IC50=0.3 uM |
MENTHOL IC50=750 |
MENTHONE IC50=750 |
THYMOL IC50=0.75 |
|
Larvicide | Berenbaum, M. R., The natives knew, Chemtech, (May), 1990, 275-279. |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
EUGENOL |
MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
THYMOL 10 ppm |
|
Carminative | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
Chemicals (4) |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Antialzheimeran? | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
Chemicals (4) |
CARVACROL |
LIMONENE |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL |
|
Spasmogenic | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (5) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
CAMPHENE |
|
Antitumor | Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992. |
Chemicals (5) |
ALPHA-HUMULENE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE |
|
Antisalmonella | |
Chemicals (5) |
BORNEOL MIC=125 ug/ml |
EUGENOL MIC=400 ug/ml |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=5 mg/ml |
THYMOL |
|
Cancer-Preventive | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
Chemicals (5) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE |
MENTHONE |
PULEGONE |
|
Myorelaxant | Martindale's 29th |
Chemicals (6) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BORNEOL |
LIMONENE 50 mg/kg |
MENTHOL |
MYRCENE 100-200 mg/kg |
THYMOL |
|
Trichomonicide | |
Chemicals (6) |
1,8-CINEOLE LD100=1,000 ug/ml |
CARVACROL LD100=150 ug/ml |
EUGENOL LD100=300 ug/ml |
MENTHONE LD100=600 ug/ml |
P-CYMENE LD100=50 ug/ml |
THYMOL LD100=25 ug/ml |
|
Transdermal | |
Chemicals (6) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BETA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
|
Anesthetic | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
Chemicals (6) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL 200-400 |
MENTHOL 2,000 ppm |
THYMOL |
|
Antifeedant | Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
Chemicals (7) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Analgesic | Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991. |
Chemicals (7) |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
THYMOL |
|
Acaricide | |
Chemicals (7) |
1,8-CINEOLE LC100=6 uM |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
EUGENOL LD50=5.47 ug/sq cm cf DEET at 37.59 ug/sq cm |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE LC100=8 uM |
MENTHONE |
THYMOL |
|
Expectorant | |
Chemicals (7) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
CAMPHENE |
CARVACROL |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL |
|
Antioxidant | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (8) |
CAMPHENE |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL IC65=30 ppm |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
ISOMENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL 100 ppm |
|
Antistaphylococcic | |
Chemicals (8) |
1,8-CINEOLE 50 ppm |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=0.625-2.5 mg/ml |
THYMOL |
|
Herbicide | Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. |
Chemicals (9) |
1,8-CINEOLE IC50=78 uM |
ALPHA-PINENE IC50=30 uM |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL IC50=470 mM |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE IC50=45 uM |
P-CYMENE IC50=50 uM |
PIPERITONE IC50=30 mM |
PULEGONE IC50=1.5 uM |
|
Candidicide | |
Chemicals (10) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
CARVACROL MIC<0.1 ug/ml |
EUGENOL |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MIC=2.5 mg/ml |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL 100 ug/ml (>Nystatin) |
|
Allergenic | |
Chemicals (10) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE 1/20th carene |
MENTHOL |
MYRCENE |
THYMOL |
|
Antiinflammatory | |
Chemicals (11) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE 500 mg/kg |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARVACROL IC50=4 uM |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL (11 uM) IC~97=1,000 uM |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
THYMOL (=indomethacin) |
|
Sedative | |
Chemicals (11) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE ED=1-32 mg/kg |
MENTHONE |
P-CYMENE |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL |
|
Antiacetylcholinesterase | |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE IC50=41 ug/ml |
ALPHA-TERPINENE IC50=1.0 mM |
GAMMA-TERPINENE IC23=1.2 mM |
ISOMENTHOL IC29=1.2 mM |
ISOMENTHONE IC50=1.6 mM |
ISOPULEGOL IC50=2.0 mM |
LIMONENE IC22-26=1.2 mM |
MENTHOL IC50=2.0 mM |
MENTHONE IC50=1.4 mM |
P-CYMENE IC40=1.2 mM |
PIPERITENONE IC50=110 ug/ml |
PULEGONE IC50=0.9 mM |
|
Fungicide | |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ACETALDEHYDE |
BORNEOL |
CARVACROL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
MENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
PULEGONE |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL |
|
Nematicide | Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
BENZALDEHYDE MLC=1 mg/ml |
BORNEOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
CARVACROL MLC=1 mg/ml |
ETHYL-CINNAMATE MLC=1,000 uM |
EUGENOL MLC=2,000 ug/ml |
LIMONENE IC=100 ug/ml |
MENTHOFURAN MLC=1 mg/ml |
MENTHOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
MENTHONE MLC=1 mg/ml |
THYMOL MLC=0.1 mg/ml |
|
Insecticide | Shah, G.C., Bhandari, R. & Mathela, C.S. 1992. 1,2-Epoxy-p-Menthane Derivatives from some Labiatae Species. J. Ess. Oil Res. 4: 57-59. |
Chemicals (12) |
ALPHA-PINENE 0.82 uM/fly |
ALPHA-TERPINENE 0.86 uM/fly |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 1.29 uM/fly |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE 0.37 uM/fly |
MENTHONE LC50=156-194 mg/l |
PIPERITENONE-OXIDE |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL LC50=36-49 mg/l |
|
Antiseptic | |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
CARVACROL 1.5 x phenol |
EUGENOL 3 ml/man/day |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL 4 x phenol |
MENTHONE 2.25 x phenol |
SABINENE |
THYMOL 20 x phenol |
|
Irritant | Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. |
Chemicals (12) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
THYMOL |
|
Antispasmodic | Fitoterapia No.59-1984. |
Chemicals (14) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL ED50=0.008 mg/ml |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
LIMONENE ED50=0.197 mg/ml |
MENTHOL ED50=0.01 mg/ml |
MENTHONE ED50=0.044 mg/ml |
MYRCENE |
NEOMENTHOL ED50=0.033 mg/ml |
THYMOL |
|
Antibacterial | J. Ess. Oil Res. 7: 271. |
Chemicals (16) |
1,8-CINEOLE 50 ppm |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BORNEOL MIC=125-250 ug/ml |
CARVACROL MIC 170-290 |
EUGENOL 500 ppm |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOL MIC=0.625-2.5 |
MENTHONE MIC=0.625-5 mg/ml |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
PULEGONE |
SABINENE |
THYMOL MIC=50-400 ug/ml |
|
Insectifuge | Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. |
Chemicals (17) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ALPHA-PINENE 50 ppm |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
BENZALDEHYDE 50 ppm |
BETA-PINENE |
BETA-TERPINEOL |
BORNEOL |
CAMPHENE |
CARVACROL |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
PIPERITONE (> DEET) |
PULEGONE |
THYMOL |
|
Perfumery | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (22) |
3-OCTANOL |
ACETALDEHYDE FEMA 4-25 |
ALPHA-HUMULENE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
BETA-PINENE |
BETA-TERPINEOL |
BORNEOL |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
ISOPULEGOL |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
NEOMENTHOL |
PIPERITENONE |
PIPERITONE |
PULEGONE |
SABINENE |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL |
|
FLavor | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (25) |
1,8-CINEOLE FEMA 1-200 |
3-OCTANOL FEMA |
ALPHA-PINENE FEMA 15-150 |
ALPHA-TERPINENE FEMA 1-40 |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL FEMA 5-40 |
BENZALDEHYDE FEMA 150-800 |
BETA-PINENE FEMA 15-600 |
BORNEOL FEMA<1 |
CAMPHENE FEMA 15-175 |
CARVACROL FEMA 10-125 |
ETHYL-BUTYRATE FEMA 30-1,400 |
ETHYL-CINNAMATE FEMA 4-40 |
ETHYL-PALMITATE FEMA 20-50 |
EUGENOL FEMA 10-500 |
GAMMA-TERPINENE FEMA 1-40 |
ISOPULEGOL FEMA 5-30 |
LIMONENE |
MENTHONE FEMA 5-50 |
MYRCENE FEMA 0.5-9 |
P-CYMENE FEMA 12-250 |
PIPERITONE FEMA 1-2 |
PULEGONE FEMA 5-30 |
TERPINOLENE FEMA 15-60 |
THYMOL FEMA 2-100 |
DIETHYL-MALONATE FEMA 2-20 |
|
Pesticide | |
Chemicals (27) |
1,8-CINEOLE |
ACETALDEHYDE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINENE |
ALPHA-TERPINEOL |
ALPHA-THUJONE |
BENZALDEHYDE |
BETA-PINENE |
BETA-TERPINEOL |
BORNEOL |
CAMPHENE |
CARVACROL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
EUGENOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
GERMACRENE-D |
LIMONENE |
MENTHOFURAN |
MENTHOL |
MENTHONE |
MYRCENE |
P-CYMENE |
PIPERITENONE-OXIDE |
PIPERITONE |
PULEGONE |
TERPINOLENE |
THYMOL |
|