(-)-Chronotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
Chemicals (1) |
BORNEOL 29 ug/ml |
|
(-)-Inotropic | Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
Chemicals (1) |
BORNEOL 29 ug/ml |
|
Acaricide | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-CADINOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE LC100=8 uM |
|
ACE-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml (weak activity) |
|
AChE-Inhibitor | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
|
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. |
Chemicals (2) |
DELTA-CADINENE |
GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml |
|
Allelochemic | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
LIMONENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Allergenic | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
LIMONENE 1/20th carene |
|
Analgesic | Martindale's 28th |
Chemicals (2) |
BORNEOL |
P-CYMENE |
|
Antiacetylcholine | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
|
Antiacetylcholinesterase | |
Chemicals (3) |
GAMMA-TERPINENE IC23=1.2 mM |
LIMONENE IC22-26=1.2 mM |
P-CYMENE IC40=1.2 mM |
|
Antiacne | |
Chemicals (2) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
DELTA-CADINENE |
|
Antiadenomic | |
|
Antialzheimeran? | Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. |
|
Antiarrhythmic | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
|
Antiasthmatic | |
|
Antibacillary | |
|
Antibacterial | Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994. |
Chemicals (6) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL MIC=125-250 ug/ml |
DELTA-CADINENE MIC800 ug/ml |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
SABINENE |
|
Antibronchitic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Anticancer | |
|
Anticariogenic | Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. |
Chemicals (1) |
DELTA-CADINENE MIC800 ug/ml |
|
Antiedemic | Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. |
Chemicals (1) |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
|
Antiescherichic | |
Chemicals (1) |
BORNEOL MIC=125 ug/ml |
|
Antiesophagitic | |
|
Antifeedant | |
Chemicals (6) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Antiflu | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
|
Antihelicobacter | |
|
Antiinflammatory | |
Chemicals (5) |
ALPHA-PINENE 500 mg/kg |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
LIMONENE |
|
Antilithic | |
|
Antilymphomic | |
|
Antimetastatic (Stomach) | |
|
Antimite | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-CADINOL |
|
Antimutagenic | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. |
|
Antinitrosaminic | |
Chemicals (1) |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Antinociceptive | |
|
Antiobesity | |
|
Antiotitic | |
|
Antioxidant | |
Chemicals (2) |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Antipneumonic | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Antipyretic | |
|
Antirheumatalgic | Martindale's 28th |
|
Antisalmonella | |
Chemicals (1) |
BORNEOL MIC=125 ug/ml |
|
Antiseptic | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
SABINENE |
|
Antispasmodic | |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL ED50=0.008 mg/ml |
LIMONENE ED50=0.197 mg/ml |
|
Antistaphylococcic | |
Chemicals (2) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
|
Antistreptococcic | |
Chemicals (1) |
DELTA-CADINENE |
|
Antitumor | Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992. |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-HUMULENE |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
LIMONENE |
|
Antitumor (Breast) | |
|
Antitumor (Colon) | |
|
Antitumor (Pancreas) | |
|
Antitumor (Prostate) | |
|
Antitumor (Stomach) | |
|
Antiulcer | |
|
Antiviral | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
|
Antiyeast | |
Chemicals (1) |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
|
Apoptotic | |
|
Arrhythmigenic | |
|
Bitter | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (1) |
MARRUBIIN (gentian) |
|
Bronchoprotectant | |
|
Calcium-Antagonist | |
Chemicals (1) |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE ED50=32 uM gpg |
|
Cancer-Preventive | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-MYRCENE |
LIMONENE |
|
Candidicide | |
Chemicals (2) |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL MIC=250 ug/ml |
|
Candidistat | |
|
Cardioactive | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
|
Chemopreventive | |
|
Choleretic | |
Chemicals (2) |
BORNEOL |
MARRUBIIN |
|
Cholesterolytic | |
|
CNS-Stimulant | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
|
CNS-Toxic | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Coleoptophile | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Cytochrome-P450-Inducer | |
Chemicals (1) |
DELTA-CADINENE |
|
Deodorant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
Chemicals (1) |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Detoxicant | |
|
Enterocontractant | J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. |
|
Expectorant | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
MARRUBIIN |
|
FLavor | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (7) |
ALPHA-PINENE FEMA 15-150 |
BETA-PINENE FEMA 15-600 |
BORNEOL FEMA<1 |
GAMMA-TERPINENE FEMA 1-40 |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE FEMA 12-250 |
TERPINOLENE FEMA 15-60 |
|
Fungicide | Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. |
Chemicals (4) |
BORNEOL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
P-CYMENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Fungiphilic | J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. |
|
Fungistat | |
|
GST-Inducer | |
|
Hepatoprotective | |
|
Herbicide | Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. |
Chemicals (5) |
ALPHA-PINENE IC50=30 uM |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL IC50=470 mM |
LIMONENE IC50=45 uM |
P-CYMENE IC50=50 uM |
|
Histaminic | |
|
Immunomodulator | |
|
Inhalant | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
|
Insect-Repellent | |
|
Insecticide | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE 0.82 uM/fly |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
LIMONENE 0.37 uM/fly |
|
Insectifuge | Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
Chemicals (6) |
ALPHA-PINENE 50 ppm |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
|
Insectiphile | J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
|
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor | |
|
Irritant | |
Chemicals (6) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
|
Laxative | Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
|
|
Lipolytic | |
|
Myorelaxant | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (2) |
BORNEOL |
LIMONENE 50 mg/kg |
|
Nematicide | Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. |
Chemicals (2) |
BORNEOL MLC=1 mg/ml |
LIMONENE IC=100 ug/ml |
|
NO-Genic | |
|
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
LIMONENE ~750 mg/kg (diet) |
|
Ozone-Scavenger | |
|
P450-2B1-Inhibitor | |
Chemicals (1) |
ALPHA-PINENE IC50=0.087 uM |
|
P450-Inducer | |
Chemicals (2) |
DELTA-CADINENE |
LIMONENE |
|
Perfumery | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
Chemicals (9) |
ALLO-OCIMENE |
ALPHA-HUMULENE |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-MYRCENE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
SABINENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Peristaltic | |
|
Pesticide | |
Chemicals (11) |
ALPHA-CADINOL |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE |
DELTA-CADINENE |
GAMMA-TERPINENE |
GERMACRENE-D |
LIMONENE |
P-CYMENE |
TERPINOLENE |
|
Pheromone | |
Chemicals (1) |
GERMACRENE-D |
|
Photosensitizer | Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. |
|
Secretogogue | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-88. |
|
Sedative | Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. |
Chemicals (4) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
LIMONENE ED=1-32 mg/kg |
P-CYMENE |
|
Spasmogenic | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Chemicals (2) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
|
Testosterone-Inducer | |
Chemicals (1) |
DELTA-CADINENE |
|
Tranquilizer | |
Chemicals (2) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BORNEOL |
|
Transdermal | |
Chemicals (3) |
ALPHA-PINENE |
BETA-PINENE |
LIMONENE |
|
Trichomonicide | |
Chemicals (1) |
P-CYMENE LD100=50 ug/ml |
|