| Use | Reference | |
|---|---|---|
| Rheumatism | Mexico | Standley, Paul C. Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contributions U.S. National Herbarium, vol. 23. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. |
| Tonic | Mexico | Martinez, Maximino. 1969. Las Plantas Medinales de Mexico. |
| Tonic | Dominican Republic | Liogier, Alain Henri. 1974. Diccionario Botanico de Nombres Vulgares de la Espanola. Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena, Santo Domingo. |
| Tumor | West Indies | Hartwell, J.L. 1967-71. Plants used against cancer. A survey. Lloydia 30-34. |