| Artemisia capillaris | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Pogostemon cablin | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Myristica fragrans | Seed Essent. Oil | 1000.0 |
38000.0 |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum aromaticum | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Laurus nobilis | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Vanilla planifolia | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
| Melia azedarach | Wood | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Nicotiana tabacum | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes. |
| Agathosma betulina | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ocimum tenuiflorum | Inflorescence | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Hyssopus officinalis | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Polianthes tuberosa | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Lantana camara | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Mentha longifolia | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Piper auritum | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Tramil |
| Zea mays | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ligustrum japonicum | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Panax ginseng | Root Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Capsicum annuum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Psidium guajava | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Mentha arvensis var. piperascens | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Cuminum cyminum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Camellia sinensis | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Pueraria montana | Fruit Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Pimpinella anisum | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Thymus funkii | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
Vila, R., et al. 1995. Composition and study of the variability of the essential oil of Thymus funkii Cousson. Flav. & Fragr. J. 10(6): 379-383. |
| Stevia rebaudiana | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
Kinghorn, A. D. (Ed.) 2002. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles. Stevia. The genus Stevia. Taylor & Francis. New York, NY. 211 pp. |
| Stevia rebaudiana | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Kinghorn, A. D. (Ed.) 2002. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles. Stevia. The genus Stevia. Taylor & Francis. New York, NY. 211 pp. |
| Ocimum basilicum | Shoot Essent. Oil | 5700.0 |
26700.0 |
|
* |
| Coffea arabica | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Humulus lupulus | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Prunus cerasus | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Tanacetum parthenium | Fruit Essent. Oil | -- |
1000.0 |
|
* |
| Tanacetum parthenium | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ptychopetalum olacoides | Root | -- |
-- |
|
Ito, Y., Hirayama, F., Aikawa, Y., Kondo, H., Sagara, K., Shoji, J. 1995. Constituents from Muira-Puama (The Roots of Ptychopetalum olacoides). Nat. Med. 49, 4: 487. |
| Prunus dulcis | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Oenanthe javanica | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Pelargonium graveolens | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ocimum canum | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
=ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp |
| Cinnamomum verum | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Bark Essent. Oil | 61000.0 |
420000.0 |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Stem Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Root Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Myroxylon balsamum | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Sassafras albidum | Root | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Bulb | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Pimenta dioica | Flower Essent. Oil | -- |
543000.0 |
|
* |
| Viola odorata | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Melaleuca bracteata | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
| Scutellaria baicalensis | Root Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Curcuma longa | Tuber | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Melaleuca viridiflora | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Acacia farnesiana | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses |
| Croton eluteria | Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Vaccinium myrtillus | Fruit Juice | -- |
0.01 |
|
* |
| Cananga odorata | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Thymus vulgaris | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli. |
| Vaccinium macrocarpon | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cynara cardunculus | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
| Artemisia dracunculus | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Melissa officinalis | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Eucalyptus citriodora | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Aloysia citrodora | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Agastache rugosa | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Magnolia kobus | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Drimys winteri | Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Artemisia dracunculus | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Zingiber officinale | Rhizome Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Hibiscus sabdariffa | Calyx | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Piper nigrum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cuminum cyminum | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Apium graveolens | Seed Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum camphora | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Piper nigrum | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ocimum sp | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Lycopersicon esculentum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Pimpinella anisum | Seed Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Pimpinella anisum | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Mentha spicata | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Mentha x piperita | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Origanum vulgare | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ficus carica | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Helichrysum angustifolium | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Curcuma longa | Rhizome Essent. Oil | -- |
2100.0 |
|
* |
| Commiphora myrrha | Resin, Exudate, Sap | -- |
-- |
|
Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
| Artemisia dracunculus | Shoot Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Narcissus tazetta | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Rosa centifolia | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Camellia sinensis | Fruit Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ficus carica | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Helianthus annuus | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Mentha spicata | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Mentha spicata | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Apium graveolens | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli. |
| Croton lechleri | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. |
| Boronia megastigma | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Trifolium pratense | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Anethum graveolens | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Morus alba | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Pimpinella anisum | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes. |
| Santalum album | Wood | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Foeniculum vulgare | Root Essent. Oil | -- |
2000.0 |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Peumus boldus | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Foeniculum vulgare | Sprout Seedling | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Lonicera japonica | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
Schlotzhauer, W.S., S.D. Pair, and R.J. Horvat. 1996. Volatile constituents from the flowers of Japanese Honeysuckle. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44:206-209. |
| Eucalyptus citriodora | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra | Root | -- |
1.0 |
|
* |
| Levisticum officinale | Root | -- |
-- |
|
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
| Tilia sp. | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Iris x germanica | Rhizome | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Anethum graveolens | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Lavandula x intermedia | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Rosa damascena | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Achillea millefolium | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Laurus nobilis | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
10200.0 |
-1.02 |
* |
| Aspalathus linearis | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
13600.0 |
-1.01 |
* |
| Ocimum tenuiflorum | Stem | 20.0 |
100.0 |
-1.0 |
* |
| Myristica fragrans | Seed | 40.0 |
320.0 |
-0.93 |
* |
| Eucalyptus brassiana | Leaf | -- |
-- |
-0.82 |
Singh, A. K., Gupta, K. C., & Brophy, J. J. 1991. Chemical Constituents of the Leaf Essential Oil of Eucalyptus brassiana S. T. Blake. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 3: 45-7. |
| Micromeria congesta | Leaf | 5.0 |
15.0 |
-0.81 |
Kirimer, N., Ozek, T., and Baser, K.H.C. 1991. Composition of the Essential Oil of Micromeria congesta. J. Ess. Oil Res., 3: 387-393. |
| Juglans regia | Leaf | 10.0 |
30.0 |
-0.81 |
* |
| Ravensara aromatica | Leaf | -- |
60.0 |
-0.81 |
* |
| Cinnamomum aromaticum | Leaf | 2.8 |
400.0 |
-0.77 |
* |
| Hyssopus officinalis | Leaf | 2.0 |
443.0 |
-0.76 |
* |
| Anethum graveolens | Leaf | 280.0 |
750.0 |
-0.73 |
* |
| Ravensara aromatica | Bark | -- |
110.0 |
-0.72 |
* |
| Acorus calamus | Rhizome | 30.0 |
300.0 |
-0.72 |
* |
| Morinda citrifolia | Fruit | -- |
0.01 |
-0.71 |
* |
| Vaccinium corymbosum | Fruit | -- |
0.02 |
-0.71 |
* |
| Curcuma longa | Essential Oil | -- |
2100.0 |
-0.71 |
* |
| Commiphora myrrha | Essential Oil | -- |
2300.0 |
-0.7 |
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
| Myristica fragrans | Essential Oil | 2000.0 |
3000.0 |
-0.7 |
* |
| Alpinia officinarum | Rhizome | 90.0 |
400.0 |
-0.7 |
* |
| Cistus ladaniferus | Leaf | 15.0 |
1050.0 |
-0.69 |
* |
| Cinnamomum aromaticum | Bark | 1.8 |
375.0 |
-0.69 |
* |
| Mentha pulegium | Essential Oil | -- |
16000.0 |
-0.67 |
* |
| Laurus nobilis | Leaf | 18.0 |
1335.0 |
-0.66 |
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Lavandula latifolia | Plant | -- |
9.0 |
-0.61 |
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Ocimum basilicum | Plant | -- |
14.0 |
-0.61 |
* |
| Umbellularia californica | Plant | 10.0 |
40.0 |
-0.6 |
* |
| Micromeria fruticosa | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.49 |
Fleisher, Z. and Fleisher, A. 1991. The Essential Oil of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. barbata (Boiss et. Ky.), P.H. Davis. Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part VII. J. Ess. Oil Res 3: 477-479. |
| Micromeria fruticosa | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.49 |
Fleisher, Z. and Fleisher, A. 1991. The Essential Oil of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. barbata (Boiss et. Ky.), P.H. Davis. Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part VII. J. Ess. Oil Res 3: 477-479. |
| Micromeria myrtifolia | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.49 |
Ozek, T., Kirimer, N., and Baser, K.H.C. 1992. Composition of the Essential Oil of Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. et Hohen. J. Ess. Oil Res., 4: 79-80. |
| Origanum onites | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.49 |
Biondi, D., Cianci, P., Geraci, C. and Ruberto, G. 1993. Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Sicilian Aromatic Plants. Flav. & Frag. J. 8: 331-7. |
| Thymus cilicicus | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.49 |
Tumen, G., Koyuncu, M., Kirimer, N., and Baser, K.H.C. 1994. Composition of the Essential Oil of Thymus cilicicus Boiss. & Bal. J. Ess. Oil Res. 6: 97-8. |
| Rosmarinus officinalis | Shoot | -- |
0.5 |
-0.49 |
Tucker, A. O. and Maciarello, M. J. 1998. The essential oils of some rosemary cultivars. Flavor and Fragrance Journal, 1: 137-142. 1986. |
| Elsholtzia blanda | Shoot | -- |
0.9 |
-0.49 |
Bestman, H.J., Rauscher, J., Vostrowsky O., Pant, A.K., Dev. V., Perihar, R. and Mathela, C.S. 1992. Constituents of the Essential Oil of Elsholtsia blanda Benth. (Labiatae). J. Ess. Oils Res. 4: 121-124 |
| Cymbopogon winterianus | Plant | 66.0 |
233.0 |
-0.49 |
* |
| Ephedra sinica | Shoot | -- |
4.0 |
-0.49 |
* |
| Thymus funkii | Shoot | -- |
5.0 |
-0.49 |
Vila, R., et al. 1995. Composition and study of the variability of the essential oil of Thymus funkii Cousson. Flav. & Fragr. J. 10(6): 379-383. |
| Calamintha nepeta | Shoot | -- |
8.0 |
-0.49 |
Kirimer, N., Baser, K.H.C., Ozek, T. and Kurkcuoglo, M. 1992. Composition of the Essential Oil of Calamintha nepeta subsp. glandulosa. J. Ess. Oil Res. 4:189-190 |
| Myrtus communis | Shoot | 1.0 |
15.0 |
-0.48 |
* |
| Thymus capitatus | Shoot | -- |
21.0 |
-0.48 |
Biondi, D., Cianci, P., Geraci, C. and Ruberto, G. 1993. Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Sicilian Aromatic Plants. Flav. & Frag. J. 8: 331-7. |
| Ocimum gratissimum | Seed | -- |
1670.0 |
-0.46 |
ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes. |
| Mentha pulegium | Plant | 160.0 |
320.0 |
-0.44 |
* |
| Pycnanthemum setosum | Shoot | 60.0 |
93.0 |
-0.42 |
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Origanum minutiflorum | Shoot | 55.0 |
125.0 |
-0.39 |
Baser, K.H.C., Tumen, G., Sezik, E. 1991. The Essential Oil of Origanum minutiflorum O. Schwarz and P.H. Davis. J. Ess. Oil Res. 3: 445-446. |
| Rosa gallica | Flower | 2.0 |
4.0 |
-0.38 |
* |
| Hyacinthus orientalis | Flower | 0.32 |
4.6 |
-0.38 |
* |
| Jasminum officinale | Flower | 3.0 |
10.0 |
-0.38 |
* |
| Ocimum kilimandscharicum | Flower | -- |
35.0 |
-0.38 |
Charles, D.J., and Simon, J.E. 1992. Essential Oil Constituents of Ocimum killimandscharicum Guerke. J. Ess. Oil Res., 4: 125-128. |
| Viola odorata | Flower | 147.0 |
357.0 |
-0.38 |
* |
| Hyssopus officinalis | Flower | 62.0 |
624.0 |
-0.37 |
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 72. |
| Dianthus caryophyllus | Flower | 0.6 |
870.0 |
-0.37 |
* |
| Origanum majorana | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
255000.0 |
-0.35 |
* |
| Ocimum basilicum | Leaf Essent. Oil | 51200.0 |
270000.0 |
-0.31 |
* |
| Ocimum sanctum | Leaf | 4200.0 |
4970.0 |
-0.23 |
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
| Ocimum tenuiflorum | Leaf | 45.0 |
5580.0 |
-0.16 |
* |
| Ageratum conyzoides | Shoot | -- |
800.0 |
0.15 |
R. Vera, (1993); Chemical composition of the essential oil Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) from Reunion, Flavour Fragr. J., Vol.8, 257-260. |
| Ocimum basilicum | Leaf | 14.0 |
8575.0 |
0.19 |
* |
| Origanum majorana | Plant | 200.0 |
2000.0 |
0.47 |
* |
| Pimenta dioica | Leaf | 8348.0 |
12000.0 |
0.59 |
* |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Stem | 36000.0 |
57000.0 |
1.0 |
* |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Essential Oil | 61000.0 |
627000.0 |
1.06 |
* |
| Pimenta dioica | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
792400.0 |
1.14 |
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Leaf | 1400.0 |
16800.0 |
1.16 |
Wealth of India. |
| Piper betel | Leaf | 535.0 |
17850.0 |
1.28 |
* |
| Daucus carota | Seed | -- |
7000.0 |
1.39 |
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Bark | 140.0 |
16800.0 |
1.41 |
* |
| Alpinia galanga | Rhizome | 100.0 |
12000.0 |
1.41 |
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Pimenta dioica | Fruit | 3500.0 |
36000.0 |
1.41 |
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Leaf Essent. Oil | 701000.0 |
945000.0 |
1.56 |
* |
| Ocimum basilicum | Essential Oil | 300.0 |
857500.0 |
1.71 |
* |
| Pimenta racemosa | Leaf | 16.0 |
21840.0 |
1.75 |
* |
| Ocimum suave | Shoot | 110.0 |
2860.0 |
1.82 |
J. Nat. Prod. 44: 308. |
| Ocimum kilimandscharicum | Shoot | -- |
3000.0 |
1.93 |
Charles, D.J., and Simon, J.E. 1992. Essential Oil Constituents of Ocimum killimandscharicum Guerke. J. Ess. Oil Res., 4: 125-128. |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Leaf | 7920.0 |
26400.0 |
2.29 |
* |
| Ocimum gratissimum | Plant | -- |
5340.0 |
2.29 |
* |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Flower | 108655.0 |
180000.0 |
2.65 |
* |
| Ocimum gratissimum | Shoot | -- |
4045.0 |
2.78 |
Vostrowsky, O., Garbe, W., Bestmann, H.J. and Maia, J.G.S. 1990. Essential Oil of Alfavaca, Ocimum gratissimum, from Brazilian Amazon. Zeitschr. Naturforschung 45(C): 1073-6. |