Cinnamomum verum | Leaf Essent. Oil | 701000.0 |
945000.0 |
1.56 |
* |
Syzygium aromaticum | Flower | 108655.0 |
180000.0 |
2.65 |
* |
Syzygium aromaticum | Essential Oil | 61000.0 |
627000.0 |
1.06 |
* |
Cinnamomum verum | Bark Essent. Oil | 61000.0 |
420000.0 |
|
* |
Ocimum basilicum | Leaf Essent. Oil | 51200.0 |
270000.0 |
-0.31 |
* |
Syzygium aromaticum | Stem | 36000.0 |
57000.0 |
1.0 |
* |
Pimenta dioica | Leaf | 8348.0 |
12000.0 |
0.59 |
* |
Syzygium aromaticum | Leaf | 7920.0 |
26400.0 |
2.29 |
* |
Ocimum basilicum | Shoot Essent. Oil | 5700.0 |
26700.0 |
|
* |
Ocimum sanctum | Leaf | 4200.0 |
4970.0 |
-0.23 |
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
Pimenta dioica | Fruit | 3500.0 |
36000.0 |
1.41 |
* |
Myristica fragrans | Essential Oil | 2000.0 |
3000.0 |
-0.7 |
* |
Cinnamomum verum | Leaf | 1400.0 |
16800.0 |
1.16 |
Wealth of India. |
Myristica fragrans | Seed Essent. Oil | 1000.0 |
38000.0 |
|
* |
Piper betel | Leaf | 535.0 |
17850.0 |
1.28 |
* |
Ocimum basilicum | Essential Oil | 300.0 |
857500.0 |
1.71 |
* |
Anethum graveolens | Leaf | 280.0 |
750.0 |
-0.73 |
* |
Origanum majorana | Plant | 200.0 |
2000.0 |
0.47 |
* |
Mentha pulegium | Plant | 160.0 |
320.0 |
-0.44 |
* |
Viola odorata | Flower | 147.0 |
357.0 |
-0.38 |
* |
Cinnamomum verum | Bark | 140.0 |
16800.0 |
1.41 |
* |
Ocimum suave | Shoot | 110.0 |
2860.0 |
1.82 |
J. Nat. Prod. 44: 308. |
Alpinia galanga | Rhizome | 100.0 |
12000.0 |
1.41 |
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
Alpinia officinarum | Rhizome | 90.0 |
400.0 |
-0.7 |
* |
Cymbopogon winterianus | Plant | 66.0 |
233.0 |
-0.49 |
* |
Hyssopus officinalis | Flower | 62.0 |
624.0 |
-0.37 |
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 6: 72. |
Pycnanthemum setosum | Shoot | 60.0 |
93.0 |
-0.42 |
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Origanum minutiflorum | Shoot | 55.0 |
125.0 |
-0.39 |
Baser, K.H.C., Tumen, G., Sezik, E. 1991. The Essential Oil of Origanum minutiflorum O. Schwarz and P.H. Davis. J. Ess. Oil Res. 3: 445-446. |
Ocimum tenuiflorum | Leaf | 45.0 |
5580.0 |
-0.16 |
* |
Myristica fragrans | Seed | 40.0 |
320.0 |
-0.93 |
* |
Acorus calamus | Rhizome | 30.0 |
300.0 |
-0.72 |
* |
Ocimum tenuiflorum | Stem | 20.0 |
100.0 |
-1.0 |
* |
Laurus nobilis | Leaf | 18.0 |
1335.0 |
-0.66 |
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Pimenta racemosa | Leaf | 16.0 |
21840.0 |
1.75 |
* |
Cistus ladaniferus | Leaf | 15.0 |
1050.0 |
-0.69 |
* |
Ocimum basilicum | Leaf | 14.0 |
8575.0 |
0.19 |
* |
Juglans regia | Leaf | 10.0 |
30.0 |
-0.81 |
* |
Umbellularia californica | Plant | 10.0 |
40.0 |
-0.6 |
* |
Micromeria congesta | Leaf | 5.0 |
15.0 |
-0.81 |
Kirimer, N., Ozek, T., and Baser, K.H.C. 1991. Composition of the Essential Oil of Micromeria congesta. J. Ess. Oil Res., 3: 387-393. |
Jasminum officinale | Flower | 3.0 |
10.0 |
-0.38 |
* |
Cinnamomum aromaticum | Leaf | 2.8 |
400.0 |
-0.77 |
* |
Rosa gallica | Flower | 2.0 |
4.0 |
-0.38 |
* |
Hyssopus officinalis | Leaf | 2.0 |
443.0 |
-0.76 |
* |
Cinnamomum aromaticum | Bark | 1.8 |
375.0 |
-0.69 |
* |
Myrtus communis | Shoot | 1.0 |
15.0 |
-0.48 |
* |
Dianthus caryophyllus | Flower | 0.6 |
870.0 |
-0.37 |
* |
Hyacinthus orientalis | Flower | 0.32 |
4.6 |
-0.38 |
* |
Ocimum gratissimum | Plant | -- |
5340.0 |
2.29 |
* |
Ocimum kilimandscharicum | Flower | -- |
35.0 |
-0.38 |
Charles, D.J., and Simon, J.E. 1992. Essential Oil Constituents of Ocimum killimandscharicum Guerke. J. Ess. Oil Res., 4: 125-128. |
Ocimum kilimandscharicum | Shoot | -- |
3000.0 |
1.93 |
Charles, D.J., and Simon, J.E. 1992. Essential Oil Constituents of Ocimum killimandscharicum Guerke. J. Ess. Oil Res., 4: 125-128. |
Lavandula latifolia | Plant | -- |
9.0 |
-0.61 |
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Daucus carota | Seed | -- |
7000.0 |
1.39 |
* |
Artemisia capillaris | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Pogostemon cablin | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Cinnamomum aromaticum | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Laurus nobilis | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Laurus nobilis | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
10200.0 |
-1.02 |
* |
Vanilla planifolia | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
Melia azedarach | Wood | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Nicotiana tabacum | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes. |
Calamintha nepeta | Shoot | -- |
8.0 |
-0.49 |
Kirimer, N., Baser, K.H.C., Ozek, T. and Kurkcuoglo, M. 1992. Composition of the Essential Oil of Calamintha nepeta subsp. glandulosa. J. Ess. Oil Res. 4:189-190 |
Agathosma betulina | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ocimum tenuiflorum | Inflorescence | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Hyssopus officinalis | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ravensara aromatica | Bark | -- |
110.0 |
-0.72 |
* |
Syzygium aromaticum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Polianthes tuberosa | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ravensara aromatica | Leaf | -- |
60.0 |
-0.81 |
* |
Lantana camara | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Mentha longifolia | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Piper auritum | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Tramil |
Zea mays | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ligustrum japonicum | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Panax ginseng | Root Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Capsicum annuum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Psidium guajava | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Aspalathus linearis | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
13600.0 |
-1.01 |
* |
Micromeria fruticosa | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.49 |
Fleisher, Z. and Fleisher, A. 1991. The Essential Oil of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. barbata (Boiss et. Ky.), P.H. Davis. Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part VII. J. Ess. Oil Res 3: 477-479. |
Mentha arvensis var. piperascens | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
Micromeria fruticosa | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.49 |
Fleisher, Z. and Fleisher, A. 1991. The Essential Oil of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. barbata (Boiss et. Ky.), P.H. Davis. Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part VII. J. Ess. Oil Res 3: 477-479. |
Cuminum cyminum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Camellia sinensis | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Pueraria montana | Fruit Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Pimpinella anisum | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Elsholtzia blanda | Shoot | -- |
0.9 |
-0.49 |
Bestman, H.J., Rauscher, J., Vostrowsky O., Pant, A.K., Dev. V., Perihar, R. and Mathela, C.S. 1992. Constituents of the Essential Oil of Elsholtsia blanda Benth. (Labiatae). J. Ess. Oils Res. 4: 121-124 |
Thymus funkii | Shoot | -- |
5.0 |
-0.49 |
Vila, R., et al. 1995. Composition and study of the variability of the essential oil of Thymus funkii Cousson. Flav. & Fragr. J. 10(6): 379-383. |
Thymus funkii | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
Vila, R., et al. 1995. Composition and study of the variability of the essential oil of Thymus funkii Cousson. Flav. & Fragr. J. 10(6): 379-383. |
Stevia rebaudiana | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
Kinghorn, A. D. (Ed.) 2002. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles. Stevia. The genus Stevia. Taylor & Francis. New York, NY. 211 pp. |
Stevia rebaudiana | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Kinghorn, A. D. (Ed.) 2002. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles. Stevia. The genus Stevia. Taylor & Francis. New York, NY. 211 pp. |
Coffea arabica | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
Humulus lupulus | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Prunus cerasus | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Tanacetum parthenium | Fruit Essent. Oil | -- |
1000.0 |
|
* |
Tanacetum parthenium | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ptychopetalum olacoides | Root | -- |
-- |
|
Ito, Y., Hirayama, F., Aikawa, Y., Kondo, H., Sagara, K., Shoji, J. 1995. Constituents from Muira-Puama (The Roots of Ptychopetalum olacoides). Nat. Med. 49, 4: 487. |
Prunus dulcis | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Oenanthe javanica | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Pelargonium graveolens | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ocimum canum | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
=ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp |
Cinnamomum verum | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ocimum gratissimum | Seed | -- |
1670.0 |
-0.46 |
ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes. |
Ocimum gratissimum | Shoot | -- |
4045.0 |
2.78 |
Vostrowsky, O., Garbe, W., Bestmann, H.J. and Maia, J.G.S. 1990. Essential Oil of Alfavaca, Ocimum gratissimum, from Brazilian Amazon. Zeitschr. Naturforschung 45(C): 1073-6. |
Cinnamomum verum | Stem Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Cinnamomum verum | Root Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Myroxylon balsamum | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Sassafras albidum | Root | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
Syzygium aromaticum | Bulb | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Pimenta dioica | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
792400.0 |
1.14 |
* |
Pimenta dioica | Flower Essent. Oil | -- |
543000.0 |
|
* |
Viola odorata | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Melaleuca bracteata | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
Ageratum conyzoides | Shoot | -- |
800.0 |
0.15 |
R. Vera, (1993); Chemical composition of the essential oil Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) from Reunion, Flavour Fragr. J., Vol.8, 257-260. |
Scutellaria baicalensis | Root Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Curcuma longa | Tuber | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Melaleuca viridiflora | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
Micromeria myrtifolia | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.49 |
Ozek, T., Kirimer, N., and Baser, K.H.C. 1992. Composition of the Essential Oil of Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. et Hohen. J. Ess. Oil Res., 4: 79-80. |
Acacia farnesiana | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses |
Croton eluteria | Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Commiphora myrrha | Essential Oil | -- |
2300.0 |
-0.7 |
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
Thymus cilicicus | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.49 |
Tumen, G., Koyuncu, M., Kirimer, N., and Baser, K.H.C. 1994. Composition of the Essential Oil of Thymus cilicicus Boiss. & Bal. J. Ess. Oil Res. 6: 97-8. |
Vaccinium myrtillus | Fruit Juice | -- |
0.01 |
|
* |
Cananga odorata | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Thymus vulgaris | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli. |
Vaccinium macrocarpon | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Cynara cardunculus | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
Rosmarinus officinalis | Shoot | -- |
0.5 |
-0.49 |
Tucker, A. O. and Maciarello, M. J. 1998. The essential oils of some rosemary cultivars. Flavor and Fragrance Journal, 1: 137-142. 1986. |
Origanum majorana | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
255000.0 |
-0.35 |
* |
Artemisia dracunculus | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Melissa officinalis | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Eucalyptus citriodora | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Aloysia citrodora | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
Agastache rugosa | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
Magnolia kobus | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Drimys winteri | Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Artemisia dracunculus | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Zingiber officinale | Rhizome Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Hibiscus sabdariffa | Calyx | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Piper nigrum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Origanum onites | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.49 |
Biondi, D., Cianci, P., Geraci, C. and Ruberto, G. 1993. Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Sicilian Aromatic Plants. Flav. & Frag. J. 8: 331-7. |
Thymus capitatus | Shoot | -- |
21.0 |
-0.48 |
Biondi, D., Cianci, P., Geraci, C. and Ruberto, G. 1993. Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Sicilian Aromatic Plants. Flav. & Frag. J. 8: 331-7. |
Cuminum cyminum | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
Apium graveolens | Seed Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Cinnamomum camphora | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Curcuma longa | Essential Oil | -- |
2100.0 |
-0.71 |
* |
Piper nigrum | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ocimum sp | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
Lycopersicon esculentum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ocimum basilicum | Plant | -- |
14.0 |
-0.61 |
* |
Pimpinella anisum | Seed Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Pimpinella anisum | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Mentha spicata | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Mentha x piperita | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Origanum vulgare | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ficus carica | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Helichrysum angustifolium | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Curcuma longa | Rhizome Essent. Oil | -- |
2100.0 |
|
* |
Commiphora myrrha | Resin, Exudate, Sap | -- |
-- |
|
Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
Artemisia dracunculus | Shoot Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ephedra sinica | Shoot | -- |
4.0 |
-0.49 |
* |
Narcissus tazetta | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Rosa centifolia | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Camellia sinensis | Fruit Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Ficus carica | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Helianthus annuus | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Mentha spicata | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Mentha spicata | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Apium graveolens | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli. |
Morinda citrifolia | Fruit | -- |
0.01 |
-0.71 |
* |
Croton lechleri | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. |
Boronia megastigma | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Trifolium pratense | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Anethum graveolens | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Eucalyptus brassiana | Leaf | -- |
-- |
-0.82 |
Singh, A. K., Gupta, K. C., & Brophy, J. J. 1991. Chemical Constituents of the Leaf Essential Oil of Eucalyptus brassiana S. T. Blake. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 3: 45-7. |
Morus alba | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Pimpinella anisum | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes. |
Santalum album | Wood | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Foeniculum vulgare | Root Essent. Oil | -- |
2000.0 |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
Peumus boldus | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
Foeniculum vulgare | Sprout Seedling | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
Lonicera japonica | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
Schlotzhauer, W.S., S.D. Pair, and R.J. Horvat. 1996. Volatile constituents from the flowers of Japanese Honeysuckle. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44:206-209. |
Eucalyptus citriodora | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Glycyrrhiza glabra | Root | -- |
1.0 |
|
* |
Levisticum officinale | Root | -- |
-- |
|
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
Tilia sp. | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Iris x germanica | Rhizome | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Vaccinium corymbosum | Fruit | -- |
0.02 |
-0.71 |
* |
Anethum graveolens | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Lavandula x intermedia | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
Rosa damascena | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Mentha pulegium | Essential Oil | -- |
16000.0 |
-0.67 |
* |
Achillea millefolium | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. |
Syzygium aromaticum | Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
Syzygium aromaticum | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |