| Zingiber officinale | Rhizome | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Zea mays | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Zea mays | Silk Essent. Oil | -- |
1000.0 |
|
* |
| Zea mays | Husk Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Vanilla planifolia | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Vaccinium macrocarpon | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Vaccinium corymbosum | Fruit Juice | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Vaccinium myrtillus | Fruit Juice | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Umbellularia californica | Plant | 70.0 |
280.0 |
1.5 |
* |
| Triticum aestivum | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Trifolium pratense | Flower | -- |
12.0 |
1.0 |
Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8 |
| Thymus capitatus | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.23 |
Biondi, D., Cianci, P., Geraci, C. and Ruberto, G. 1993. Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Sicilian Aromatic Plants. Flav. & Frag. J. 8: 331-7. |
| Tanacetum parthenium | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
Hendriks, H., Bos, R., and Woerdenbag, H. J. 1996. The Essential Oil of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. Flavor and Fragrance Journal 11(6): 367-71. |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Syzygium aromaticum | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Syringa vulgaris | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Styrax benzoin | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Sambucus nigra | Flower Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Sambucus nigra | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Sambucus nigra | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Salvia sclarea | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
| Rubus idaeus | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Rosa damascena | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Robinia pseudoacacia | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ribes nigrum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Rheum palmatum | Rhizome | -- |
1.5 |
|
* |
| Psidium guajava | Fruit | -- |
1000.0 |
1.65 |
* |
| Prunus persica | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Prunus cerasus | Fruit | -- |
3.0 |
-0.79 |
* |
| Prunus serotina | Bark | -- |
-- |
|
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| Prunus laurocerasus | Leaf | 413.0 |
456.0 |
0.24 |
* |
| Prunus persica | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Prunus dulcis | Seed | -- |
8200.0 |
|
* |
| Pogostemon cablin | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | Stem Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Peumus boldus | Leaf | -- |
1.0 |
-0.47 |
CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses |
| Petroselinum crispum | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Petiveria alliacea | Root | -- |
-- |
|
Tramil |
| Perilla frutescens | Shoot Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
Nguyen, X. D., La, D. M., Lu'u, D. C., Leclercq, P. A. 1995. Essential Oil Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. J. Essent. Oil Res., 7(4): 429-432. |
| Perilla frutescens | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
16000.0 |
0.72 |
Kang, R., Helms, R., Stout, M.J., Jaber, H., Chen, Z., and Nakatsu, T. 1992. Antimicrobial Activity of the Volatile Constituents of Perilla frutescens and Its Synergistic Effects with Polygodial. J. Agric. Food Chem., 40: 2328-2330. |
| Panax ginseng | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Origanum onites | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.23 |
Biondi, D., Cianci, P., Geraci, C. and Ruberto, G. 1993. Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Sicilian Aromatic Plants. Flav. & Frag. J. 8: 331-7. |
| Ocimum gratissimum | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Vostrowsky, O., Garbe, W., Bestmann, H.J. and Maia, J.G.S. 1990. Essential Oil of Alfavaca, Ocimum gratissimum, from Brazilian Amazon. Zeitschr. Naturforschung 45(C): 1073-6. |
| Ocimum basilicum | Essential Oil | -- |
700.0 |
-0.69 |
* |
| Narcissus tazetta | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Myroxylon balsamum | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Murraya koenigii | Leaf | -- |
0.1 |
-0.47 |
* |
| Morus alba | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Micromeria fruticosa | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.23 |
Fleisher, Z. and Fleisher, A. 1991. The Essential Oil of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. barbata (Boiss et. Ky.), P.H. Davis. Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part VII. J. Ess. Oil Res 3: 477-479. |
| Micromeria fruticosa | Shoot | -- |
-- |
-0.23 |
Fleisher, Z. and Fleisher, A. 1991. The Essential Oil of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. barbata (Boiss et. Ky.), P.H. Davis. Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part VII. J. Ess. Oil Res 3: 477-479. |
| Mentha spicata | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Mentha spicata | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705. |
| Melissa officinalis | Tissue Culture | -- |
-- |
|
Gbolade, A.A. and Lockwood, G.B. 1991. The Constituents of Melissa officinalis L. Cultures. J. Ess. Oil Res., 3: 111-114. |
| Melaleuca viridiflora | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
| Melaleuca leucadendra | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Lycopersicon esculentum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ligustrum japonicum | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Leonurus cardiaca | Plant | -- |
1.0 |
-1.29 |
* |
| Laurus nobilis | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Juglans nigra | Essential Oil | -- |
28000.0 |
1.41 |
* |
| Juglans nigra | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Jasminum officinale | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Iris x germanica | Rhizome | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Hyssopus officinalis | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
Indian Perfumer, 35: 51. |
| Hyacinthus orientalis | Flower | 0.16 |
2.3 |
-1.0 |
* |
| Hibiscus sabdariffa | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books) |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra | Root | -- |
-- |
|
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra | Root Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra | Rhizome Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Ficus carica | Fruit | -- |
1.0 |
-0.8 |
* |
| Eucalyptus siderophloia | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus polyanthemos | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus moluccana | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus maculata | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus dealbata | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus blakelyi | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus tereticornis | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus saligna | Shoot | -- |
280.0 |
0.47 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus oviformis | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus melliodora | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus globulus | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus botryoides | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus cladocalyx | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus astringens | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus sideroxylon | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus punctata | Shoot | -- |
80.0 |
-0.03 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus occidentalis | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus citriodora | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus maideni | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus diversicolor | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus bosistoana | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eucalyptus albens | Shoot | -- |
0.1 |
-0.22 |
Zrira, S. S., Benjilali, B. B., Fechtal, M. M., & Richard, H. H. 1991. Essential Oils of Twenty-seven Eucalyptus Species Grown in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Res. 4: 259-264. |
| Eruca sativa | Hs | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Eriobotrya japonica | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books) |
| Ephedra sinica | Shoot | -- |
15.0 |
-0.19 |
* |
| Elsholtzia polystachya | Leaf | -- |
-- |
-0.47 |
Mathela,C.S., Melkani,A.B., Bisht,J.C., Pant,A.K., Bestmann,H.J., Erler,J., Kobold,U., Rauscher,J. and Vostrowsky,O. 1992. Chemical Varieties of Essential Oils from Elsholtzia polystachya from Two Different Locations in India. Planta Medica 58: 376-379. |
| Elsholtzia blanda | Shoot | -- |
13.0 |
-0.19 |
Bestman, H.J., Rauscher, J., Vostrowsky O., Pant, A.K., Dev. V., Perihar, R. and Mathela, C.S. 1992. Constituents of the Essential Oil of Elsholtsia blanda Benth. (Labiatae). J. Ess. Oils Res. 4: 121-124 |
| Elsholtzia polystachya | Leaf | -- |
-- |
-0.47 |
Mathela,C.S., Melkani,A.B., Bisht,J.C., Pant,A.K., Bestmann,H.J., Erler,J., Kobold,U., Rauscher,J. and Vostrowsky,O. 1992. Chemical Varieties of Essential Oils from Elsholtzia polystachya from Two Different Locations in India. Planta Medica 58: 376-379. |
| Cymbopogon winterianus | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952. |
| Cucumis melo | Petiole | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cnicus benedictus | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Citrullus lanatus | Fruit Juice | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cistus ladaniferus | Leaf | 28.0 |
1960.0 |
2.57 |
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Plant | 26.0 |
104.0 |
-0.26 |
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Cinnamomum verum | Essential Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Bark Essent. Oil | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum aromaticum | Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Stem Bark | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cinnamomum verum | Bark | 26.0 |
104.0 |
|
Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| Cinnamomum verum | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
7000.0 |
-1.41 |
* |
| Chrysanthemum x morifolium | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
Wealth of India. |
| Chrysanthemum parthenium | Shoot | -- |
-- |
|
Hendriks, H., Bos, R., and Woerdenbag, H. J. 1996. The Essential Oil of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. Flavor and Fragrance Journal 11(6): 367-71. |
| Carthamus tinctorius | Bud | -- |
0.1 |
|
* |
| Carthamus tinctorius | Leaf | -- |
0.04 |
-0.47 |
* |
| Carica papaya | Fruit | -- |
300.0 |
-0.06 |
* |
| Capsicum annuum | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Capsicum frutescens | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Cananga odorata | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Camellia sinensis | Leaf | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Camellia sinensis | Shoot | 2100.0 |
2300.0 |
5.51 |
* |
| Callicarpa americana | Leaf | -- |
0.55 |
-0.47 |
* |
| Brassica oleracea | Stem | -- |
0.02 |
|
* |
| Avena sativa | Seed | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Aspalathus linearis | Leaf Essent. Oil | -- |
15900.0 |
0.7 |
* |
| Arctium lappa | Root | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Aniba rosaeodora | Essential Oil | -- |
300.0 |
-0.72 |
* |
| Anacardium occidentale | Fruit | -- |
-- |
|
* |
| Agastache foeniculum | Plant | 1.0 |
135.0 |
0.05 |
Mazza, G. and Kiehn, F.A. 1992. Essential Oil of Agastache foeniculum, A Potential Source of Methyl Chavicol. J. Ess. Oil Res., 4: 295-299. |
| Aesculus hippocastanum | Flower Essent. Oil | -- |
11000.0 |
|
Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Acinos suaveolens | Shoot | -- |
200.0 |
0.27 |
Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Acacia farnesiana | Flower | -- |
-- |
|
Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986. |
| Acacia farnesiana | Plant | -- |
-- |
|
Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986. |