| Activity | Reference |
| Analgesic 140 mg/kg orl mus | * |
| Analgesic 1.7-3.5 mg/kg ivn | * |
| Anti-5-HT | * |
| Antiallergic | Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh. |
| Antihistaminic | Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh. |
| Antioxidant | * |
| Antiprostaglandin | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| Antipyretic 1.7-3.5 mg/kg ivn | * |
| Antipyretic 140 mg/kg orl mus | * |
| Antispasmodic | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| Antitussive | Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. |
| Antiulcer IC70=150 mg/kg | Yamahara, J., et al. Stomachic principles in ginger. II. Pungent and anti-ulcer effects of low polar constituents isolated from ginger, the dried rhizoma of... Yakugaku Zasshi 112: 645-655 (1992). |
| Bradycardic | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Cardiodepressant 10-100 ug/kg | * |
| Cardiotonic | Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. |
| CNS-Depressant | HerbalGram No. 17. |
| Enteromotility-Enhancer 2.5 mg/kg | * |
| Gastrostimulant | J. Drug. Dev. (Vol. 6=1993) e.g. Mustafa, T., Srivastava, K.C., and Jensen, K.B. 1993. Drug Development Report (9): Pharmacology of Ginger, Zingiber officinale. J. Drug. Dev. 6(1): 25-39. |
| Hepatoprotective | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| Hypertensive 0.5-1 mg/kg | * |
| Hypotensive 1-100 ug/kg | * |
| Larvicide LD90=62 ug/ml | * |
| Molluscicide | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Mutagenic | * |
| Nematicide MLC=0.1 mg/ml | Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. |
| Nematicide LD90=62 ug/ml | * |
| Pressor | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Sedative | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| Sprout-Inhibitor | * |
| Sympathomimetic | HerbalGram No. 17. |
| Thermogenic 20 uM rat | Eldershaw, T. P. D., Colquhoun, E. Q., Dora, K. A., Peng, Z. C., Clark, M. G. 1992. Pungent Principles of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) are Thermogenic in the Perfused Rat Hindlimb. Int J. Obesity, 16: 755-763. |
| Vasoconstrictor | HerbalGram No. 17. |